AskApache » Search Results » htaccess+mod+rewrite

Real-Life Htaccess Files from My Server

AskApache — Sat, 17 Apr 2010 15:06:22 +0000

I was going through some backups from years ago, and ran:

locate .htaccess | xargs -I'{}' cat '{}' >> master-htaccesser.txt

My site is named after reading source code because that is what helps me the most when I’m trying to learn something unusually difficult. Just like functions and aliases, it is very helpful to have cheatsheets for common commands.. not much is better than real-world examples. Unfortunately because this was compiled from hundreds of htaccess files on multiple hosts and platforms, and due to the concatenation, it’s not organized.

Normally I would not publish something like this, who knows how much unreleased tricks I forgot about.. but in order to say thanks to all those working for open-source, the FSF, and to all those who don’t steal content, and to all the incredible authors who shared with me (I twitter most of what I find, and follow my favs), here ya go..

ATTN: Please let me know if this is total junk or not, this is around 1/500th of my master-htaccesser.txt file.. and I’d be happy to post more if it helps..

Checking for Cookie

Used this to stop mp3-scrapers.. checks for a cookie ending in MP3P=02357

Options -Indexes
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*MP3P=([0-9]+).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,L]

Setting Environment Var if Proxied

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule "\.(gif|png|jpg)$" "-" [ENV=proxied_image:1]
RewriteCond "%{ENV:proxied_image}" "!1"
RewriteRule "^" "-" [ENV=proxied_other:1]

nokeepalive for ErrorDocs and Abusers

Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNOEXEC
AddOutputFilter Includes html
SetEnv nokeepalive
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
# 1 YEAR

Header unset Pragma
FileETag None
Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"
Header unset Last-Modified
Header unset Last-Modified
Header unset ETag
 
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"

SecFilterEngine Off
 
# 1 YEAR

Header unset Pragma
FileETag None
Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"
Header unset Last-Modified
Header unset Last-Modified
Header unset ETag
 
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"

Unreleased Tests for AskApache Password Protection

# +ASKAPACHE PASSPRO 4.6.6
#######################################################
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# +APRO SIDS
# +SID 21030002
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Satisfy Any
AuthType Digest
AuthName "Protected By AskApache"
AuthDigestDomain / http://www.askapache.com/
AuthDigestFile /home/.greer/askapache/sites/askapache.com/.htpasswda3
Require valid-user

Allow from All



SecFilterEngine Off

Allow from All

# -SID 21030002
# -APRO SIDS
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
#######################################################
# -ASKAPACHE PASSPRO 4.6.6
 
# +ASKAPACHE PASSPRO 4.6.6
#######################################################
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# +APRO SIDS
# +SID Test
ErrorDocument 401 /wp-content/askapache/test.gif
ErrorDocument 403 /wp-content/askapache/test.gif
ErrorDocument 404 /wp-content/askapache/test.gif
ErrorDocument 500 /wp-content/askapache/test.gif
ServerSignature On

RedirectMatch 305 ^.*modaliastest$ http://www.askapache.com


RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} modrewritetest [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://www.askapache.com [R=307,L]



SetEnv MODSEC_ENABLE On
SecFilterEngine On
SecFilterDefaultAction "nolog,noauditlog,pass"
SecAuditEngine Off
SecFilterInheritance Off
SecFilter modsecuritytest "deny,nolog,noauditlog,status:503"
Deny from All



AuthType Basic
AuthName "askapache test"
AuthUserFile /home/.greer/askapache/sites/askapache.com/htdocs/wp-content/askapache/.htpasswd-basic
Require valid-user


AuthType Digest
AuthName "askapache test"
AuthDigestDomain /wp-content/askapache/ http://www.askapache.com/wp-content/askapache/
AuthUserFile /home/.greer/askapache/sites/askapache.com/htdocs/wp-content/askapache/.htpasswd-digest
Require none


AuthType Digest
AuthName "askapache test"
AuthDigestDomain /wp-content/askapache/ http://www.askapache.com/wp-content/askapache/
AuthUserFile /home/.greer/askapache/sites/askapache.com/htdocs/wp-content/askapache/.htpasswd-digest
Require valid-user


AuthType Digest
AuthName "askapache test"
AuthDigestDomain /wp-content/askapache/ http://www.askapache.com/wp-content/askapache/
AuthDigestFile /home/.greer/askapache/sites/askapache.com/htdocs/wp-content/askapache/.htpasswd-digest
Require valid-user

# -SID Test
# -APRO SIDS
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
#######################################################
# -ASKAPACHE PASSPRO 4.6.6

Warming up to the really advanced tests

Options +ExecCGI
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 208.113.134.190 64.111.114.111 208.113.134.203 208.113.152.201 env=REDIRECT_STATUS
Satisfy Any
Options +FollowSymLinks
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !^tyy+$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_USER} ^(.+)$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/-%1 [R=302,L]
Options +ExecCGI +FollowSymLinks
DirectoryIndex index.php
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/pro/index.php
 
AuthType Digest
AuthName "AskApache Pro"
AuthDigestFile /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/.htpasswd-pro
AuthDigestDomain /cgi-bin/pro/ http://www.askapache.com/cgi-bin/pro/ https://www.askapache.com/cgi-bin/pro/
Require user askapacheDirectoryIndex p.php
ErrorDocument 403 /cgi-bin/p/p.php
ErrorDocument 401 /cgi-bin/p/p.php
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/p/p.php
ErrorDocument 503 /cgi-bin/p/p.php
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_API_VERSION:%{API_VERSION}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_AUTH_TYPE:%{AUTH_TYPE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH:%{CONTENT_LENGTH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_CONTENT_TYPE:%{CONTENT_TYPE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT:%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE:%{GATEWAY_INTERFACE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTPS:%{HTTPS}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT:%{HTTP:Accept}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE:%{HTTP:Accept-Language}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING:%{HTTP:Accept-Encoding}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET:%{HTTP:Accept-Charset}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL:%{HTTP:Cache-Control}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION:%{HTTP:Connection}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_COOKIE:%{HTTP_COOKIE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED:%{HTTP_FORWARDED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_HOST:%{HTTP_HOST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE:%{HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION:%{HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_REFERER:%{HTTP:Referer}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT:%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_IS_SUBREQ:%{IS_SUBREQ}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO:%{ORIG_PATH_INFO}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED:%{ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_PATH:%{PATH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_PATH_INFO:%{PATH_INFO}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_QUERY_STRING:%{QUERY_STRING}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING:%{REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER:%{REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS:%{REDIRECT_STATUS}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_URL:%{REDIRECT_URL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_ADDR:%{REMOTE_ADDR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_HOST:%{REMOTE_HOST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_IDENT:%{REMOTE_IDENT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_PORT:%{REMOTE_PORT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_USER:%{REMOTE_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME:%{REQUEST_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_METHOD:%{REQUEST_METHOD}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_URI:%{REQUEST_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_REQUEST_URI:%{REDIRECT_REQUEST_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP:%{SCRIPT_GROUP}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_NAME:%{SCRIPT_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_URI:%{SCRIPT_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_URL:%{SCRIPT_URL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_USER:%{SCRIPT_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_ADDR:%{SERVER_ADDR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_ADMIN:%{SERVER_ADMIN}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_NAME:%{SERVER_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_PORT:%{SERVER_PORT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL:%{SERVER_PROTOCOL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE:%{SERVER_SIGNATURE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE:%{SERVER_SOFTWARE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_THE_REQUEST:%{THE_REQUEST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME:%{TIME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_DAY:%{TIME_DAY}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_HOUR:%{TIME_HOUR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_MIN:%{TIME_MIN}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_MON:%{TIME_MON}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_SEC:%{TIME_SEC}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_WDAY:%{TIME_WDAY}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_YEAR:%{TIME_YEAR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TZ:%{TZ}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_UNIQUE_ID:%{UNIQUE_ID}]
 
RequestHeader set INFO_API_VERSION "%{INFO_API_VERSION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_AUTH_TYPE "%{INFO_AUTH_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH "%{INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_CONTENT_TYPE "%{INFO_CONTENT_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT "%{INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE "%{INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTPS "%{INFO_HTTPS}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL "%{INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION "%{INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_COOKIE "%{INFO_HTTP_COOKIE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED "%{INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_HOST "%{INFO_HTTP_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE "%{INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION "%{INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_REFERER "%{INFO_HTTP_REFERER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT "%{INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_IS_SUBREQ "%{INFO_IS_SUBREQ}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO "%{INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED "%{INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME "%{INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_PATH "%{INFO_PATH}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_PATH_INFO "%{INFO_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_QUERY_STRING "%{INFO_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING "%{INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER "%{INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS "%{INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_URL "%{INFO_REDIRECT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_ADDR "%{INFO_REMOTE_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_HOST "%{INFO_REMOTE_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_IDENT "%{INFO_REMOTE_IDENT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_PORT "%{INFO_REMOTE_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_USER "%{INFO_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME "%{INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_METHOD "%{INFO_REQUEST_METHOD}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_URI "%{INFO_REQUEST_URI}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_URI "%{INFO_REQUEST_URI}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP "%{INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_NAME "%{INFO_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_URI "%{INFO_SCRIPT_URI}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_URL "%{INFO_SCRIPT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_USER "%{INFO_SCRIPT_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_ADDR "%{INFO_SERVER_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_ADMIN "%{INFO_SERVER_ADMIN}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_NAME "%{INFO_SERVER_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_PORT "%{INFO_SERVER_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL "%{INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE "%{INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE "%{INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_THE_REQUEST "%{INFO_THE_REQUEST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME "%{INFO_TIME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_DAY "%{INFO_TIME_DAY}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_HOUR "%{INFO_TIME_HOUR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_MIN "%{INFO_TIME_MIN}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_MON "%{INFO_TIME_MON}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_SEC "%{INFO_TIME_SEC}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_WDAY "%{INFO_TIME_WDAY}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_YEAR "%{INFO_TIME_YEAR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TZ "%{INFO_TZ}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_UNIQUE_ID "%{INFO_UNIQUE_ID}e"
 
Options +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
DirectoryIndex /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php
 
Header echo ^.*
 
AuthType Digest
AuthName "AskApache Pro"
AuthDigestFile /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/.htpasswd-pro
AuthDigestDomain / http://www.askapache.com/cgi-bin/rewrite-test/ https://www.askapache.com/cgi-bin/rewrite-test/
Require user askapache
 
SetEnv MODSEC_ENABLE=On
 
SetEnvIfNoCase ^WWW-Auth "(.+)" HTTP_WWW_AUTHORIZATION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^If "(.+)" HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^If-None-Match$ "(.+)" HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Cache-Control$ "(.+)" HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Connection$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONNECTION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Keep-Alive$ "(.+)" HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Authorization$ "(.+)" HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Authorization$ ".+username=\"(.+)\".+" HTTP_REMOTE_USER=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Content-Type$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Content-Length$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Server_Addr "(.+)" SERVER_ADDR=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_Method "(.+)" REQUEST_METHOD=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_Protocol "(.+)" REQUEST_PROTOCOL=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "(.+)" REQUEST_URI=$1
 
ErrorDocument 100 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=100
ErrorDocument 101 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=101
ErrorDocument 102 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=102
ErrorDocument 200 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=200
ErrorDocument 201 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=201
ErrorDocument 202 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=202
ErrorDocument 203 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=203
ErrorDocument 204 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=204
ErrorDocument 205 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=205
ErrorDocument 206 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=206
ErrorDocument 207 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=207
ErrorDocument 300 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=300
ErrorDocument 301 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=301
ErrorDocument 302 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=302
ErrorDocument 303 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=303
ErrorDocument 304 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=304
ErrorDocument 305 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=305
ErrorDocument 306 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=306
ErrorDocument 307 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=307
ErrorDocument 400 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=400
ErrorDocument 401 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=401
ErrorDocument 402 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=402
ErrorDocument 403 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=403
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=404
ErrorDocument 405 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=405
ErrorDocument 406 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=406
ErrorDocument 407 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=407
ErrorDocument 408 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=408
ErrorDocument 409 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=409
ErrorDocument 410 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=410
ErrorDocument 411 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=411
ErrorDocument 412 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=412
ErrorDocument 413 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=413
ErrorDocument 414 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=414
ErrorDocument 415 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=415
ErrorDocument 416 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=416
ErrorDocument 417 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=417
ErrorDocument 418 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=418
ErrorDocument 419 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=419
ErrorDocument 420 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=420
ErrorDocument 421 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=421
ErrorDocument 422 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=422
ErrorDocument 423 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=423
ErrorDocument 424 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=424
ErrorDocument 425 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=425
ErrorDocument 426 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=426
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=500
ErrorDocument 501 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=501
ErrorDocument 502 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=502
ErrorDocument 503 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=503
ErrorDocument 504 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=504
ErrorDocument 505 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=505
ErrorDocument 506 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=506
ErrorDocument 507 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=507
ErrorDocument 508 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=508
ErrorDocument 509 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=509
ErrorDocument 510 /cgi-bin/rewrite-test/index.php?g=510
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_AUTH_TYPE:%{AUTH_TYPE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_CONTENT_LENGTH:%{CONTENT_LENGTH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_CONTENT_TYPE:%{CONTENT_TYPE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DATE_GMT:%{DATE_GMT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DATE_LOCAL:%{DATE_LOCAL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DOCUMENT_NAME:%{DOCUMENT_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DOCUMENT_PATH_INFO:%{DOCUMENT_PATH_INFO}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DOCUMENT_ROOT:%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_DOCUMENT_URI:%{DOCUMENT_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_GATEWAY_INTERFACE:%{GATEWAY_INTERFACE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_LAST_MODIFIED:%{LAST_MODIFIED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_PATH_INFO:%{PATH_INFO}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_PATH_TRANSLATED:%{PATH_TRANSLATED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_QUERY_STRING:%{QUERY_STRING}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED:%{QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REMOTE_ADDR:%{REMOTE_ADDR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REMOTE_HOST:%{REMOTE_HOST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REMOTE_IDENT:%{REMOTE_IDENT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REMOTE_PORT:%{REMOTE_PORT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REMOTE_USER:%{REMOTE_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REDIRECT_HANDLER:%{REDIRECT_HANDLER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING:%{REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER:%{REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REDIRECT_STATUS:%{REDIRECT_STATUS}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REDIRECT_URL:%{REDIRECT_URL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REQUEST_METHOD:%{REQUEST_METHOD}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REQUEST_URI:%{REQUEST_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_NAME:%{SCRIPT_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_ADMIN:%{SERVER_ADMIN}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_NAME:%{SERVER_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_ADDR:%{SERVER_ADDR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_PORT:%{SERVER_PORT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_PROTOCOL:%{SERVER_PROTOCOL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_SIGNATURE:%{SERVER_SIGNATURE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SERVER_SOFTWARE:%{SERVER_SOFTWARE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_USER_NAME:%{USER_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TZ:%{TZ}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_API_VERSION:%{API_VERSION}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTPS:%{HTTPS}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_ACCEPT:%{HTTP_ACCEPT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL:%{HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_CONNECTION:%{HTTP_CONNECTION}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_COOKIE:%{HTTP_COOKIE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_FORWARDED:%{HTTP_FORWARDED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_HOST:%{HTTP_HOST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE:%{HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION:%{HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_REFERER:%{HTTP_REFERER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_HTTP_USER_AGENT:%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_IS_SUBREQ:%{IS_SUBREQ}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_ORIG_PATH_INFO:%{ORIG_PATH_INFO}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED:%{ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_PATH:%{PATH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_PHP_SELF:%{PHP_SELF}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REQUEST_FILENAME:%{REQUEST_FILENAME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_REQUEST_TIME:%{REQUEST_TIME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_GROUP:%{SCRIPT_GROUP}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_USER:%{SCRIPT_USER}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_THE_REQUEST:%{THE_REQUEST}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME:%{TIME}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_DAY:%{TIME_DAY}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_HOUR:%{TIME_HOUR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_MIN:%{TIME_MIN}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_MON:%{TIME_MON}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_SEC:%{TIME_SEC}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_WDAY:%{TIME_WDAY}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_TIME_YEAR:%{TIME_YEAR}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_PATH:%{PATH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_URI:%{SCRIPT_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_SCRIPT_URL:%{SCRIPT_URL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=IN_UNIQUE_ID:%{UNIQUE_ID}]
 
RewriteRule .* - [E=ENV_PATH:%{ENV:PATH}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=ENV_SCRIPT_URI:%{ENV:SCRIPT_URI}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=ENV_SCRIPT_URL:%{ENV:SCRIPT_URL}]
RewriteRule .* - [E=ENV_UNIQUE_ID:%{ENV:UNIQUE_ID}]
 
RequestHeader set AUTH_TYPE "%{IN_AUTH_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set CONTENT_LENGTH "%{IN_CONTENT_LENGTH}e"
RequestHeader set CONTENT_TYPE "%{IN_CONTENT_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set DATE_GMT "%{IN_DATE_GMT}e"
RequestHeader set DATE_LOCAL "%{IN_DATE_LOCAL}e"
RequestHeader set DOCUMENT_NAME "%{IN_DOCUMENT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set DOCUMENT_PATH_INFO "%{IN_DOCUMENT_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set DOCUMENT_ROOT "%{IN_DOCUMENT_ROOT}e"
RequestHeader set DOCUMENT_URI "%{IN_DOCUMENT_URI}e"
RequestHeader set GATEWAY_INTERFACE "%{IN_GATEWAY_INTERFACE}e"
RequestHeader set LAST_MODIFIED "%{IN_LAST_MODIFIED}e"
RequestHeader set PATH_INFO "%{IN_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set PATH_TRANSLATED "%{IN_PATH_TRANSLATED}e"
RequestHeader set QUERY_STRING "%{IN_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED "%{IN_QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_ADDR "%{IN_REMOTE_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_HOST "%{IN_REMOTE_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_IDENT "%{IN_REMOTE_IDENT}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_PORT "%{IN_REMOTE_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER "%{IN_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set REDIRECT_HANDLER "%{IN_REDIRECT_HANDLER}e"
RequestHeader set REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING "%{IN_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER "%{IN_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set REDIRECT_STATUS "%{IN_REDIRECT_STATUS}e"
RequestHeader set REDIRECT_URL "%{IN_REDIRECT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_METHOD "%{IN_REQUEST_METHOD}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_URI "%{IN_REQUEST_URI}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{IN_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_NAME "%{IN_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_URI "%{IN_SCRIPT_URI}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_URL "%{IN_SCRIPT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_ADMIN "%{IN_SERVER_ADMIN}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_NAME "%{IN_SERVER_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_ADDR "%{IN_SERVER_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_PORT "%{IN_SERVER_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_PROTOCOL "%{IN_SERVER_PROTOCOL}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_SIGNATURE "%{IN_SERVER_SIGNATURE}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_SOFTWARE "%{IN_SERVER_SOFTWARE}e"
RequestHeader set UNIQUE_ID "%{IN_UNIQUE_ID}e"
RequestHeader set USER_NAME "%{IN_USER_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set TZ "%{IN_TZ}e"
RequestHeader set API_VERSION "%{IN_API_VERSION}e"
RequestHeader set HTTPS "%{IN_HTTPS}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_ACCEPT "%{IN_HTTP_ACCEPT}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET "%{IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING "%{IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE "%{IN_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL "%{IN_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_CONNECTION "%{IN_HTTP_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_COOKIE "%{IN_HTTP_COOKIE}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_FORWARDED "%{IN_HTTP_FORWARDED}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_HOST "%{IN_HTTP_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE "%{IN_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION "%{IN_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_REFERER "%{IN_HTTP_REFERER}e"
RequestHeader set HTTP_USER_AGENT "%{IN_HTTP_USER_AGENT}e"
RequestHeader set IS_SUBREQ "%{IN_IS_SUBREQ}e"
RequestHeader set ORIG_PATH_INFO "%{IN_ORIG_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED "%{IN_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED}e"
RequestHeader set ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{IN_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME "%{IN_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set PATH "%{IN_PATH}e"
RequestHeader set PHP_SELF "%{IN_PHP_SELF}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_FILENAME "%{IN_REQUEST_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_TIME "%{IN_REQUEST_TIME}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_GROUP "%{IN_SCRIPT_GROUP}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_USER "%{IN_SCRIPT_USER}e"
RequestHeader set THE_REQUEST "%{IN_THE_REQUEST}e"
RequestHeader set TIME "%{IN_TIME}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_DAY "%{IN_TIME_DAY}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_HOUR "%{IN_TIME_HOUR}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_MIN "%{IN_TIME_MIN}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_MON "%{IN_TIME_MON}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_SEC "%{IN_TIME_SEC}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_WDAY "%{IN_TIME_WDAY}e"
RequestHeader set TIME_YEAR "%{IN_TIME_YEAR}e"
 
SetEnvIfNoCase ^WWW-Auth "(.+)" HTTP_WWW_AUTHORIZATION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^If "(.+)" HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^If-None-Match$ "(.+)" HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Cache-Control$ "(.+)" HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Connection$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONNECTION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Keep-Alive$ "(.+)" HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Authorization$ "(.+)" HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Content-Type$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Content-Length$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Authorization$ ".+username=\"([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\".+" REMOTE_USER=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Server_Addr "(.+)" SERVER_ADDR=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_Method "(.+)" REQUEST_METHOD=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_Protocol "(.+)" REQUEST_PROTOCOL=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "(.+)" REQUEST_URI=$1
 
RequestHeader set IF_MODIFIED_SINCE "%{HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE}e"
RequestHeader set IF_NONE_MATCH "%{HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH}e"
RequestHeader set CACHE_CONTROL "%{HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL}e"
RequestHeader set CONNECTION "%{HTTP_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set KEEP_ALIVE "%{HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}e"
RequestHeader set AUTHORIZATION "%{HTTP_AUTHORIZATION}e"
RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER "%{REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set CONTENT_TYPE "%{HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set CONTENT_LENGTH "%{HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH}e"
RequestHeader set SERVER_ADDR "%{SERVER_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_METHOD "%{REQUEST_METHOD}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_PROTOCOL "%{REQUEST_PROTOCOL}e"
RequestHeader set REQUEST_URI "%{REQUEST_URI}e"
 
RequestHeader set UNIQUE_ID "%{ENV_UNIQUE_ID}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_URL "%{ENV_SCRIPT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set SCRIPT_URI "%{ENV_SCRIPT_URI}e"
RequestHeader set PATH "%{ENV_PATH}e"
 
Options +ExecCGI +FollowSymLinks
 
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 208.113.134.190  64.111.114.111 208.113.134.203 208.113.152.201 env=REDIRECT_STATUS
Satisfy Any
 
SecFilterEngine Off

More Mod_Security (1)

#
# Order Deny,Allow
# First, all Allow directives are evaluated; at least one must match, or the request is rejected.
# Next, all Deny directives are evaluated. If any matches, the request is rejected.
# Last, any requests which do not match an Allow or a Deny directive are denied by default.
#
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
Deny from 217.219.
 
#Order Deny,Allow
# First, all Deny directives are evaluated; if any match, the request is denied unless it also matches an Allow directive.
# Any requests which do not match any Allow or Deny directives are permitted.
 
#SetEnvIf content-type (multipart/form-data)(.*) NEW_CONTENT_TYPE=application/x-www-form-urlencoded$2 OLD_CONTENT_TYPE=$1$2
#RequestHeader set content-type %{NEW_CONTENT_TYPE}e env=NEW_CONTENT_TYPE
SetEnvIfNoCase Content-Type "^multipart/form-data" !MODSEC_NOPOSTBUFFERING
SetEnvIfNoCase Content-Type "^application/x-www-form-urlencoded" !MODSEC_NOPOSTBUFFERING
SetEnv suppress-error-charset
SetEnvIfNoCase Content-Type "^multipart/form-data" !MODSEC_NOPOSTBUFFERING
 
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/(cgi-bin/search\.php|cgi-bin/java\.cgi|wp-admin/.*)" MODSEC_ENABLE=Off
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/(online-tools/js-compress.*)" "MODSEC_NOPOSTBUFFERING=Do not buffer file uploads"
SetEnvIfNoCase Remote_Addr ^208\.113\.134\.190$ MODSEC_ENABLE=Off
SetEnvIfNoCase Remote_Addr ^64\.111\.114\.111$ MODSEC_ENABLE=Off
 
### Section 1: Global Environment
#
# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,
# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it
# can find its configuration files.
#
#
# TZ: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
 
#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com
 
#
# Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host
# name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory
# listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated
# documents or custom error documents).
# Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.
# Set to one of:  On | Off | EMail
#
ServerSignature Off
 
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
#   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options -Indexes -Includes -ExecCGI -MultiViews
 
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
DirectoryIndex index.php
 
#
# Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever
# a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL
# pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors.
# Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location
# Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location
#
Action php5-cgi /bin/php.cgi
 
#
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddHandler php5-cgi .php .inc
 
#
# Commonly used filename extensions to character sets. You probably
# want to avoid clashes with the language extensions, unless you
# are good at carefully testing your setup after each change.
# See http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets for the
# official list of charset names and their respective RFCs.
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
 
#
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
# file mime.types for specific file types.
#
#
AddType 'application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8' .rdf
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml.gz
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html.gz
AddType application/octet-stream .rar .chm .bz2 .tgz .msi .pdf .exe
AddType application/vnd.ms-excel .csv
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
AddType application/x-pilot .prc .pdb
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf
AddType application/xrds+xml .xrdf
AddType text/plain .ini .sh .bsh .bash .awk .nawk .gawk .csh .var .c .in .h .asc .md5 .sha .sha1
AddType video/x-flv .flv
 
#
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
# Despite the name similarity, the following Add* directives have nothing
# to do with the FancyIndexing customization directives above.
#
AddEncoding x-compress .Z
AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
 
#
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/html

Error Documents

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
#100 Continue
#101 Switching Protocols
#102 Processing
#200 OK
#201 Created
#202 Accepted
#203 Non-Authoritative Information
#204 No Content
#205 Reset Content
#206 Partial Content
#207 Multi-Status
#300 Multiple Choices
#301 Moved Permanently
#302 Found
#303 See Other
#304 Not Modified
#305 Use Proxy
#306 unused
#307 Temporary Redirect
#400 Bad Request
#401 Authorization Required
#402 Payment Required
#403 Forbidden
#404 Not Found
#405 Method Not Allowed
#406 Not Acceptable
#407 Proxy Authentication Required
#408 Request Time-out
#409 Conflict
#410 Gone
#411 Length Required
#412 Precondition Failed
#413 Request Entity Too Large
#414 Request-URI Too Large
#415 Unsupported Media Type
#416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
#417 Expectation Failed
#418 unused
#419 unused
#420 unused
#421 unused
#422 Unprocessable Entity
#423 Locked
#424 Failed Dependency
#425 No code
#426 Upgrade Required
#500 Internal Server Error
#501 Method Not Implemented
#502 Bad Gateway
#503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
#504 Gateway Time-out
#505 HTTP Version Not Supported
#506 Variant Also Negotiates
#507 Insufficient Storage
#508 unused
#509 unused
#510 Not Extended
 
#ErrorDocument 100 /e/100_CONTINUE.html
#ErrorDocument 101 /e/101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS.html
#ErrorDocument 102 /e/102_PROCESSING.html
 
#ErrorDocument 200 /e/200_OK.html
#ErrorDocument 201 /e/201_CREATED.html
#ErrorDocument 202 /e/202_ACCEPTED.html
#ErrorDocument 203 /e/203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE.html
#ErrorDocument 204 /e/204_NO_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 205 /e/205_RESET_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 206 /e/206_PARTIAL_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 207 /e/207_MULTI_STATUS.html
 
#ErrorDocument 300 /e/300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES.html
#ErrorDocument 301 /e/301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY.html
#ErrorDocument 302 /e/302_MOVED_TEMPORARILY.html
#ErrorDocument 303 /e/303_SEE_OTHER.html
#ErrorDocument 304 /e/304_NOT_MODIFIED.html
#ErrorDocument 305 /e/305_USE_PROXY.html
#ErrorDocument 307 /e/307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT.html
 
ErrorDocument 400 /e/400_BAD_REQUEST.html
ErrorDocument 401 /e/401_UNAUTHORIZED.html
ErrorDocument 402 /e/402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 403 /e/403_FORBIDDEN.html
#ErrorDocument 404 /e/404_NOT_FOUND.html
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php?error=404
ErrorDocument 405 /e/405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html
ErrorDocument 406 /e/406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE.html
ErrorDocument 407 /e/407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 408 /e/408_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html
ErrorDocument 409 /e/409_CONFLICT.html
ErrorDocument 410 /e/410_GONE.html
ErrorDocument 411 /e/411_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 412 /e/412_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html
ErrorDocument 413 /e/413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html
ErrorDocument 414 /e/414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html
ErrorDocument 415 /e/415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html
ErrorDocument 416 /e/416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE.html
ErrorDocument 417 /e/417_EXPECTATION_FAILED.html
ErrorDocument 422 /e/422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY.html
ErrorDocument 423 /e/423_LOCKED.html
ErrorDocument 424 /e/424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY.html
ErrorDocument 426 /e/426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 500 /e/500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html
ErrorDocument 501 /e/501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html
ErrorDocument 502 /e/502_BAD_GATEWAY.html
ErrorDocument 503 /e/503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html
ErrorDocument 504 /e/504_GATEWAY_TIME_OUT.html
ErrorDocument 505 /e/505_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED.html
ErrorDocument 506 /e/506_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html
ErrorDocument 507 /e/507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE.html
ErrorDocument 510 /e/510_NOT_EXTENDED.html

Caching

h2>

#
#  HEADERS and CACHING
#
Header unset Pragma
FileETag None
Header unset ETag
 
# 1 YEAR

Header unset P3P
Header unset Pragma
FileETag None
Header unset ETag
Header set Cache-Control "public,max-age=29030400"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"
Header unset Last-Modified

 
# 2 HOURS


ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault A3600

Redirect Hack

#Redirect 400 /e/400
#Redirect 401 /e/401
#Redirect 402 /e/402
#Redirect 403 /e/403
Redirect 404 /index.php?error=404
#Redirect 405 /e/405
#Redirect 406 /e/406
#Redirect 407 /e/407
#Redirect 408 /e/408
#Redirect 409 /e/409
#Redirect 410 /e/410
#Redirect 411 /e/411
#Redirect 412 /e/412
#Redirect 413 /e/413
#Redirect 414 /e/414
#Redirect 415 /e/415
#Redirect 416 /e/416
#Redirect 417 /e/417
#Redirect 418 /e/418
#Redirect 419 /e/419
#Redirect 420 /e/420
#Redirect 421 /e/421
#Redirect 422 /e/422
#Redirect 423 /e/423
#Redirect 424 /e/424
#Redirect 425 /e/425
#Redirect 426 /e/426
#Redirect 500 /e/500
#Redirect 501 /e/501
#Redirect 502 /e/502
#Redirect 503 /e/503
#Redirect 504 /e/504
#Redirect 505 /e/505
#Redirect 506 /e/506
#Redirect 507 /e/507
#Redirect 508 /e/508
#Redirect 509 /e/509
#Redirect 510 /e/510

301 PERMANENT REDIRECTS

#
# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in
# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the
# clients where to look for the relocated document.
#
Redirect 301 /12-lessons-for-those-afraid-of-css.html http://www.askapache.com/css/12-lessons-for-those-afraid-of-css.html
Redirect 301 /2006/htaccess/htaccesselite-ultimate-htaccess-article.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /2007/phpbb/sending-post-form-data-with-php-curl.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/sending-post-form-data-with-php-curl.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/php-and-ajax-shell-console.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/php-and-ajax-shell-console.html
Redirect 301 /27-request-methods-for-use-with-apache-and-rewritecond-and-htaccess.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/27-request-methods-for-use-with-apache-and-rewritecond-and-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /404-google-wordpress-plugin.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/404-google-wordpress-plugin.html
Redirect 301 /503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /Overview-about.rdf http://www.askapache.com/askapache-home.rdf
Redirect 301 /abbr-acronym.html http://www.askapache.com/xhtml/abbr-acronym.html
Redirect 301 /adsense-robots.html http://www.askapache.com/google/adsense-robots.html
Redirect 301 /alexa-toolbar-firefox.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/alexa-toolbar-firefox.html
Redirect 301 /allowing-access-from-1-static-ip-and-deny-the-rest.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /anti-virus-spyware-rootkit.html http://www.askapache.com/security/anti-virus-spyware-rootkit.html
Redirect 301 /apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html
Redirect 301 /awk-tutorial.html http://www.askapache.com/awk/awk-tutorial.html
Redirect 301 /best-adsense-optimization.html http://www.askapache.com/wordpress/best-adsense-optimization.html
Redirect 301 /commonly-used-htaccess-code-examples.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/commonly-used-htaccess-code-examples.html
Redirect 301 /css-background-image-sprite.html http://www.askapache.com/css/css-background-image-sprite.html
Redirect 301 /css-browser-screenshots.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/css-browser-screenshots.html
Redirect 301 /css-class-example.html http://www.askapache.com/css/css-class-example.html
Redirect 301 /curl-multi-downloads.html http://www.askapache.com/php/curl-multi-downloads.html
Redirect 301 /custom-boot-menu-in-windows-xp.html http://www.askapache.com/windows/custom-boot-menu-in-windows-xp.html
Redirect 301 /donate http://www.dreamhost.com/donate.cgi?id=8261
Redirect 301 /donate/ http://www.dreamhost.com/donate.cgi?id=8261
Redirect 301 /htaccess.txt http://z.askapache.com/p/htaccess.txt
Redirect 301 /htaccess/404-errorpages.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/google-ajax-search-seo-tips.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/feedsmith http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/feedsmith-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/http-status-codes.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-status-code-headers-errordocument.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/instruct-search-engines-to-come-back-to-site-after-you-finish-working-on-it.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/speed-up-the-apache-web-server-with-configuration-hacks.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-web-server-speed-configuration-hacks.html
Redirect 301 /instruct-search-engines-to-come-back-to-site-after-you-finish-working-on-it.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /security/bypassing-vlan.html http://www.askapache.com/security/hacking-vlan-switched-networks.html
Redirect 301 /security/bypassing-vlanbypassing-vlan.html http://www.askapache.com/security/hacking-vlan-switched-networks.html
Redirect 301 /security/rigging-the-dreamhost-site-of-the-month-contest.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/rigging-the-dreamhost-site-of-the-month-contest.html
Redirect 301 /seo/tailrankcom-robot.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/tailrank-robot.html
Redirect 301 /webmaster/caching-tutorial-for-webmasters.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/caching-tutorial-for-webmasters.html
Redirect 301 /webmaster/lft-traceroute-tool.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/lft-traceroute-tool.html

301 PERMANENT REDIRECTMATCH

#
#  PERMANENT REDIRECTMATCH
#
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/&(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(.+)\.html/$ http://www.askapache.com/$1.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/&(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/.*feed\.gif$ http://z.askapache.com/feed.gif
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([^/]+)//$ http://www.askapache.com/$1/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(.+)/htaccesselite-ultimate-htaccess-article.html(.*) http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(.+)\.html/([a-z][a-z])/$ http://www.askapache.com/$1.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([\(]+)(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([^9]*)9O1X.3y(.*)/(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/$2
RedirectMatch 301 ^/.3y(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/200([0-9])/([0-9])(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/top-100/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/200([0-9])/([^01])(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/$2$3
RedirectMatch 301 ^/about/glossary(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/glossary$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/apache-speed(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-speed$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/category/(.+)$ http://www.askapache.com/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/docs/(.*)$ http://askapache.info/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/htaccess/feedsmith-htaccess(.*) http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/redirecting-wordpress-feeds-to-feedburner.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/robots-txt(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/robots.txt
RedirectMatch 301 ^/hosting/?$ http://www.askapache.com/web-hosting/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/.+favicon.ico$ http://www.askapache.com/favicon.ico
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/wp-content/uploads/(.*)$ http://z.askapache.com/uploads/$1
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/z/(.+)$ http://z.askapache.com/$1
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/(z|t|i|j|c|p)/(.*)$ http://z.askapache.com/$1/$2
 
#
#  TEMPORARY REDIRECTMATCH
#
RedirectMatch 307 ^/getflash/?$ http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash
RedirectMatch 307 ^/dream/?$ http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/
RedirectMatch 307 ^/(cse|apachecse|apachecsetest|apachesearch)/?$ http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=002660089121042511758%3Akk7rwc2gx0i
RedirectMatch 307 ^/search/lr-lang(.*)$ http://feeds.askapache.com/apache/htaccess
 
#
#  PERMANENT GONE
#
RedirectMatch 410 ^/funny(.*)

My Favorite modsec_v1 stuff

# Pass: Allows request to continue, further filters could still halt request.
# Allow: Allows matching requests through, will not be tested against other filters.
# Deny: Stops the request outright, returns a HTTP 500 error code by default.
# Status: Used to specify an alternate HTTP error code.
# Redirect: Matching requests are redirected to the provided URL.
# Exec: Allows execution of a local system binary or script.
# Log: Logs request only.
# Nolog: Does not log request.
# Chain: Allows you to create list of filters for more granulated security. All filters must be cleared before action is taken with the final filter.
 
SecFilterEngine On
SecFilterCheckURLEncoding On
SecFilterCheckUnicodeEncoding Off
SecFilterScanPOST On
 
#SecUploadKeepFiles On
#SecUploadDir /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/logs/sec-upload
#SecUploadApproveScript /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/htdocs/cgi-bin/check.sh
 
#SecRuleEngine On
#SecAuditEngine On
#SecAuditEngine Off
SecAuditEngine RelevantOnly
SecAuditLog /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/logs/modsec_audit.log
SecFilterDebugLog /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/logs/modsec_debug.log
SecFilterDebugLevel 1
#SecAuditLogRelevantStatus "^(?:1|2(?!00)|5|4(?!04))"
SecAuditLogRelevantStatus "^(1|2(?!00)|4([0-9](0|1|2|5|6|7|8|9))|5)"
SecFilterForceByteRange 1 255
 
#SecFilterInheritance Off
# 0 EMERGENCY - system is unusable
# 1 ALERT - action must be taken immediately
# 2 CRITICAL - critical conditions
# 3 ERROR - error conditions
# 4 WARNING - warning conditions
# 5 NOTICE - normal but significant conditions
# 6 INFO - informational
# 7 DEBUG - debug-level messages
 
SecFilterDefaultAction "deny,severity:6,status:403"
 
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_METHOD "POST" "pass,auditlog,severity:6"
SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "^/(xmlrpc|wp-comments-post)\.php" "pass,log,auditlog,severity:6"
#SecFilterSelective REMOTE_ADDR ^$ "pass,log,auditlog,severity:6"
#SecFilterSelective REMOTE_ADDR ^203\.221\.91\.20$ "pass,log,auditlog,severity:6"
 
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "^/htaccess.*" "pass,log,auditlog"
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "^/feed.*" "pass,log,auditlog"
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "^/.*trackback.*" "pass,log,auditlog"
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "^/valid.*" "pass,log,auditlog"
 
#Enforce proper HTTP requests
SecFilterSelective SERVER_PROTOCOL "!^HTTP/(0\.9|1\.0|1\.1)$" "id:340000,rev:1,severity:6,msg:'Bad HTTP Protocol'"
 
# Only accept request encodings we know how to handle
SecFilterSelective REQUEST_METHOD "!^(GET|HEAD|POST)$" "chain,id:340001,rev:1,severity:6,msg:'Restricted HTTP function,status:405'"
SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Type "!(^$|^application/x-www-form-urlencoded$|^multipart/form-data)"
 
# Require Content-Length to be provided with every POST request
SecFilterSelective REQUEST_METHOD "^POST$" "chain,id:340003,rev:1,severity:6,msg:'Content Length not provided with POST',status:411"
SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Length "^$"
 
# Don't accept transfer encodings we know we don't handle
# (and you don't need it anyway)
SecFilterSelective HTTP_Transfer-Encoding "!^$" "id:340004,rev:1,severity:6,msg:'Dis-allowed Transfer Encoding'"
 
#Generic rule for allowed characters, adjust for your site before activating
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "!^[a-zA-Z0-9\.\+\_\/\-\?\=\&\%\#]+$" "chain,id:390002,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Restricted HTTP character set'"
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "!^/(openid|wp-admin|wp-includes|wp-content|wp-login.php)"
 
#HTTP response splitting generic sigs
#SecFilter "Content-Length\:.*Content-Type\:.*Content-Type\:" "id:340005,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'HTTP response splitting'"
 
#HTTP response splitting generic sigs
#SecFilter "Content-Length\:" "chain,id:340006,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'HTTP response splitting'"
#SecFilter "Content-Type\:"
 
#catch smuggling attacks
#SecFilter "^(GET|POST).*Host:.*^(GET|POST)"  "id:300012,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'catch smuggling attacks'"
 
#XSS insertion into Content-Type
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "Content-Type\:.*(<[[:space:]]*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)*>.*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)[[:space:]]*>|onmouseover=|javascript\:)" "id:300002,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'XSS attack in Content-type header'"
 
#Code injection via content length
#SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Length|HTTP_USER_AGENT "\;(system|passthru|exec)\(" "id:330003,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Code Injection in Content-Length header'"
 
#Don't accept chunked encodings modsecurity can not look at these, so this is a hole that can bypass your rules, the rule before this one should cover this, but hey paranoia is cheap
#SecFilterSelective HTTP_Transfer-Encoding "chunked" "id:300003,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Chunked Transfer Encoding denied'"
 
##generic recursion signatures
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "\.\./\.\./" "id:300004,rev:2,severity:4,msg:'Generic Path Recursion1 denied'"
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "\.\|\./\.\|\./\.\|" "id:300005,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic Path Recursion2 denied'"
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "\.\.\./" "id:300006,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Bogus Path denied'"
 
#Generic PHP exploit signatures
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "<\?php (chr|fwrite|fopen|system|echr|passthru|popen|proc_open|shell_exec|exec|proc_nice|proc_terminate|proc_get_status|proc_close|pfsockopen|leak|apache_child_terminate|posix_kill|posix_mkfifo|posix_setpgid|posix_setsid|posix_setuid|phpinfo)\(.*\)\;" "id:330002,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic PHP exploit pattern denied'"
 
#Prevent SQL injection in cookies
##SecFilterSelective COOKIE_VALUES "((select|grant|delete|insert|drop|alter|replace|truncate|update|create|rename|describe)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]+[[:space:]]+(from|into|table|database|index|view)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]|UNION SELECT.*\'.*\'.*,[0-9].*INTO.*FROM)" "id:300011,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic SQL injection in cookie'"
 
#Prevent SQL injection in UA
##SecFilterSelective HTTP_USER_AGENT "((select|grant|delete|insert|drop|alter|replace|truncate|update|create|rename|describe)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]+[[:space:]]+(from|into|table|database|index|view)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]|UNION SELECT.*\'.*\'.*,[0-9].*INTO.*FROM)" "id:300012,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic SQL injection in User Agent header'"
 
# Generic filter to prevent SQL injection attacks
# Understand that all SQL filters are very limited and are very difficult to prevent false postives and negatives.
# Please report false positives/negatives to mike@gotroot.com
#SecFilter "((select|grant|delete|insert|drop|alter|replace|truncate|update|create|rename|describe)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]+[[:space:]]+(from|into|table|database|index|view)[[:space:]]+[A-Z|a-z|0-9|\*| |\,]|UNION SELECT.*\'.*\'.*,[0-9].*INTO.*FROM)" "id:300013,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic SQL injection protection'"
 
#generic XSS PHP attack types
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "\.php\?" "chain,id:300010,rev:1,severity:4,msg:'Generic PHP XSS exploit pattern denied'"
#SecFilter "(javascript\:/(.*new\x20ActiveXObject.*Sh\.regwrite|.*window\.opener\.document\.body.\innerHTML=window\.opener\.document\.body\.innerHTML\.replace)|onmouseover=\'javascript)"
 
#Generic XSS filter
#please report false positives
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "!/mt\.cgi" "chain,msg:'XSS2'"
#SecFilter "<[[:space:]]*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)*>.*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)[[:space:]]*>"
 
#XSS in referrer and UA headers
##SecFilterSelective HTTP_REFERER|HTTP_USER_AGENT "<[[:space:]]*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)*>.*(script|about|applet|activex|chrome)[[:space:]]*>" "msg:'XSS3'"
 
#HTTP header PHP code injection attacks
##SecFilterSelective HTTP_CLIENT_IP|HTTP_USER_AGENT|HTTP_Referer "(<\?php|<[[:space:]]?\?[[:space:]]?php|<\? php)" "msg:'PHP1'"
 
#Generic PHP remote file injection
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "!(/do_command)" "chain,msg:'PHP2'"
##SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "\.php\?.*=(https?|ftp)\:/.*(cmd|command)="
 
#script, perl, etc. code in HTTP_Referer string
##SecFilterSelective HTTP_Referer "\#\!.*/" "msg:'perl script1'"
 
#remote file inclusion generic attack signature
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST  "\.(dat|gif|jpg|png|bmp|txt|vir|dot)\?" "chain,msg:'remote 1'"
#SecFilter "((name|pm_path|pagina|path|include_location|root|page|open)=(http|https|ftp)|(cmd|command|inc)=)"
 
#remote file inclusion generic attack signature
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST  "\.(dat|gif|jpg|png|bmp|txt|vir|dot)\?\&(cmd|command|inc|name)=" "msg:'remote2'"
 
#remote file inclusion generic attack signature
#SecFilterSelective ARGS  "\.(dat|gif|jpg|png|bmp|txt|vir|dot)" "chain,msg:'file inclusion1'"
#SecFilter "\?\&(cmd|inc|name)="
 
#remote file inclusion generic attack signature
#SecFilterSelective ARGS  "\.(dat|gif|jpg|png|bmp|txt|vir|dot)\?\&(cmd|inc|name)=" "msg:'file inclusion2'"
 
#remote file inclusion generic attack signature
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI  "\.php\?.*=(http|https|ftp)\:/.*\?&cmd=" "msg:'file inclusion3'"
 
#Bogus file extensions generic signature
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST  "[A-Za-z0-9]\.(gif|jpg|png|bmp)\.txt" "msg:'file extension'"
 
#PHP remote path attach generic signature
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI  "\.ph(p(3|4)?).*path=(http|https|ftp)\:/" "msg:'remote path1'"
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI  "\.php.*path=(http|https|ftp)\:/" "msg:'remote path2'"
 
#generic php attack sigs
#SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "(&(cmd|command)=(id|uname)\x20|cmd\?(cmd|command)=|(spy|cmd|cmd_out|sh)\.(gif|jpg|png|bmp|txt)\?&(cmd|command)=|\.php\?&(cmd|command)=)" "msg:'php attack1'"
 
# WEB-MISC apache directory disclosure attempt
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "////" "msg:'apache directory disclosure'"
 
#PHP defenses
##SecFilterSelective ARG_PHPSESSID "!^$" "msg:'something in phpsessid'"
##SecFilterSelective COOKIE_PHPSESSID "!^$" "msg:'something in cookie phpsessid'"
 
#PHP defenses
##SecFilterSelective COOKIE_ASKAPACHEID "!^[0-9a-z]*$" "msg:'bad value for cookie'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt TYPE + JAVASCRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]text\/javascript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt STYLE + JAVASCRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]application\/x-javascript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt STYLE + JSCRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]text\/jscript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
# cross site scripting attempt STYLE + VBSCRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]text\/vbscript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt STYLE + VBSCRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]application\/x-vbscript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt STYLE + ECMACRIPT
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "TYPE\s*=\s*[\'\"]text\/ecmascript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
# cross site scripting attempt STYLE + EXPRESSION
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "STYLE[\s]*=[\s]*[^>]expression[\s]*\(" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt STYLE + EXPRESSION
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "[\s]*expression[\s]*\([^}]}[\s]*<\/STYLE>" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
# cross site scripting attempt using XML
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "SCRIPT" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt executing hidden Javascript
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "eval[\s]*\([\s]*[^\.]\.innerHTML[\s]*\)" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt executing hidden Javascript
##SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "window\.execScript[\s]*\(" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting attempt to execute Javascript code
###SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "/(((URL|SRC|HREF|LOWSRC)[\s]*=)|(url[\s]*[\(]))[\s]*[\'\"]*javascript[\:]" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#cross site scripting HTML Image tag set to javascript attempt
#SecFilterSelective THE_REQUEST "img src=javascript" "msg:'cross-site1'"
 
#Fake image file shell attacvk
#SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Type "image/.*" "msg:'image shell 1'"
#SecFilterSelective POST_PAYLOAD "chr\(" "msg:'image shell2'"
 
#bogus graphics file
#SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Disposition "\.php"  "chain,msg:'bogus graphics'"
#SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Type "(image/gif|image/jpg|image/png|image/bmp)"
 
# Allow only letters, digits, underscore, and square brackets (for arrays)
# in variable names#
#SecFilterSelective ARGS_NAMES "!^[][a-zA-Z0-9_]+$"
 
#---------------------------------------------
# reject keywords that appear in POST or GET
#=============================================
SecFilterSignatureAction "nolog,auditlog,deny,severity:6,status:403"
 
SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI  "^/.*/wp-comments-post\.php" "id:50200,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM bad wp-comments-post location'"
 

# fail for empty comment fields
SecFilterSelective "ARG_comment_post_ID|ARG_submit" "^$" "id:50300,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM MISSING comment_post_ID'"
SecFilterSelective "ARG_comment_post_ID" "!^[0-9]{1,6}$" "id:50301,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM BAD comment_post_ID'"
SecFilterSelective "HTTP_Cookie" "^$" "id:50302,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM No cookie'"
 
##SecFilterSelective "comment_post_DI" "^$" "id:50310,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM MISSING comment_post_DI'"
##SecFilterSelective "comment_post_DI" "!^[0-9]{1,2}$" "id:50311,msg:'WORDPRESS SPAM MISSING comment_post_DI'"

 
MODSEC Continued.. Custom Anti-Spam (WordPress) I made
SecFilterSignatureAction "nolog,noauditlog,deny,severity:6,redirect:http://www.askapache.com/feed/"
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "00bp\.com|360\.yahoo|987mb\.com|Ambien|American airline" "id:50010,msg:'SPAM 10'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "Ativan|Caresoprodol|Darvocet|Ephedra|Ephedrine" "id:50011,msg:'SPAM 11'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "Gambling|Lexapro|Tramadol|Venlafaxine" "id:50012,msg:'SPAM 12'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "\[URL=|abgood|acura|acyclovir|adderall" "id:50013,msg:'SPAM 13'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "adipex|alcohol|alprazolam|amateur|amrit" "id:50014,msg:'SPAM 14'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "anal sex|analfinder|angelina jolie|asshole|axspace\.com" "id:50015,msg:'SPAM 15'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "baccarat|bankrupt|bikini|biotic|black jack|blowjob" "id:50016,msg:'SPAM 16'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "blackjack|blog\.360|brutality|buddhism|butalbital" "id:50017,msg:'SPAM 17'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "cadillac|canalis|card credit|card stud|carisoprodol" "id:50018,msg:'SPAM 18'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "carmen|cash advance|cash credit|casino|catch\.com" "id:50019,msg:'SPAM 19'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "celebrex|celexa|cellulite|cheap|cheerleader" "id:50020,msg:'SPAM 20'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "chevrolet|child abuse|cialis|cigarette|cipro" "id:50021,msg:'SPAM 21'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "citroen|claritin|cleavage|clomid|codeine" "id:50022,msg:'SPAM 22'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "consulting23|craps online|credit card|credit debt|crestor" "id:50023,msg:'SPAM 23'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "dealership|debt free|desnudas|diazepam|dick" "id:50024,msg:'SPAM 24'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "dildo|drugstore|earrings|endometrioma|endowment" "id:50025,msg:'SPAM 25'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "erotic|estrogen|fioricet|francaise|freehost\.com" "id:50026,msg:'SPAM 26'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "freehostia|freemb\.com|fuck|geocities\.com|hacking myspace" "id:50027,msg:'SPAM 27'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "holdem|honda|hotels|hydrocodone|hypnotic" "id:50028,msg:'SPAM 28'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "hyundai|implants|incest|instant approval|insurance" "id:50029,msg:'SPAM 29'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "interracial|jaguar|jenny movie|johanson|kasino" "id:50030,msg:'SPAM 30'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "lesbian|levitra|lipitor|loan|lolita" "id:50031,msg:'SPAM 31'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "lorazepam|lorcet|lyrics|madamic|majorette" "id:50032,msg:'SPAM 32'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "malaria|mastercar|masturbate|masturbation|maturewomen" "id:50033,msg:'SPAM 33'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "mazda|medication|medicine|megsfree5\.com|mercedes" "id:50034,msg:'SPAM 34'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "meridia|metformin|mitsubishi|mortgage|myspace profile" "id:50035,msg:'SPAM 35'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "naked|neocool|nexium|nimire\.com|nissan" "id:50036,msg:'SPAM 36'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "nokia|nude|nudism|nymph|open toe" "id:50037,msg:'SPAM 37'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "oprodol|orgasm|oxycodone|oxycontin|packages" "id:50038,msg:'SPAM 38'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "painrelief|pantyhose|paxil|payday|penis" "id:50039,msg:'SPAM 39'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "percocet|pharmacy|phentermine|phetermine|phpbb_root" "id:50040,msg:'SPAM 40'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "pictaboo|pictorial|pills|pissing|play craps" "id:50041,msg:'SPAM 41'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "playgirl|pocker web|poker|pontiac|poquer" "id:50042,msg:'SPAM 42'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "porn|pounder|prescription|preteen|prevacid" "id:50043,msg:'SPAM 43'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "price1|prilosec|propecia|proza|prozac" "id:50044,msg:'SPAM 44'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "puddled|pussy|refinance|rentals|replica" "id:50045,msg:'SPAM 45'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "ringtones|roulette|screensaver|seduced|sexual" "id:50046,msg:'SPAM 46'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "sexy|shemale|shiloh|singulair|site-host" "id:50047,msg:'SPAM 47'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "slot machine|slot maschine|slots machine|solpip\.com|soma" "id:50048,msg:'SPAM 48'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "sperm|starlets|supplier|suzuki|tadalafil" "id:50049,msg:'SPAM 49'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "toyota|tylenol|ultram|valium|viagra" "id:50050,msg:'SPAM 50'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "vigora|vioxx|wallpaper|warez|webcam" "id:50051,msg:'SPAM 51'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "webpages\.com|wellbutrin|whitesluts|wholesale|whore" "id:50052,msg:'SPAM 52'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "windshield|xanax|xenical|y lohan|yourgirls" "id:50053,msg:'SPAM 53'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "youtube\.com|zantac|sex offenders|hotgay|Zoloft|celtic women" "id:50054,msg:'SPAM 54'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "dollhouse|freehot|kardashian|oralsex" "id:50055,msg:'SPAM 55'
SecFilterSelective ARGS|THE_REQUEST "freeimghost" "id:50056,msg:'SPAM 56'
Unreleased AskApache Lightning code - caching plugin for WordPress
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(stats/|missing\.html|failed_auth\.html|test/).* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} =200
RewriteRule .* - [L]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=www.askapache.com
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=z.askapache.com
RewriteRule .? http://www.askapache.com%{REQUEST_URI}%{QUERY_STRING} [R=301,L]
 
#RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
#RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(wp-login.php|wp-admin)(.*)\ HTTP/ [NC]
#RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(.*)\ HTTP/ [NC]
#RewriteRule .* http://www.askapache.com/$1 [R=301,L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(.+)%20(.+)\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://www.askapache.com/%1-%2 [R=301,L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^GET\ /valid-html/.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^https?://www.askapache.com(.+).*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=http://www.askapache.com%1;ss=1;outline=1;debug [R=307,L,NE]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^GET\ /valid-css/.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=z.askapache.com/z/c/apache-10.css [R=301,L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^GET\ /search/.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^s=(.+)$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://www.askapache.com/search/%1? [R=302,L]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/X%{REQUEST_URI}index.html -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /X%{REQUEST_URI}index.html [L]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/X%{REQUEST_URI} -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /X%{REQUEST_URI} [L]
Passing Parameters to CGI through HTTP Headers
This deserves a note.. this trick lets you bypass so many hosting environment restrictions it’s not even funny… like you can run bash as your webserver instead of apache!  (kinda…)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/(hash|java)\.cgi$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:P3P} ^(([^:]+):(.+))$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_JS:%{HTTP:P3P},E=HTTP_US:%2,E=HTTP_PA:%3]
Redirect to FeedBurner
Yes.. I was the first to do this (parse the real rewrites internally in wordpress for no bypassing possibilities)… 
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/feed/.*?$ [NC,OR]
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^https?://www.askapache.com/wp-admin(.+).*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} FeedBurner [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(feed|rdf|rss|rss2|atom).* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/wp-(feed|rdf|rss|rss2|atom).* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} ^.*/(wp-atom|wp-feed|wp-rdf|wp-rss|wp-rss2)\.php$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} ^.*/wp-includes/feed[^\.]*\.php$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} .*(feed|rdf|rss|rss2|atom).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://feeds.askapache.com/apache/htaccess? [R=302,L]
More Unreleased Caching Tests
# +ASKAPACHE CRAZYCACHE 2.3
#######################################################
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# +ACACHE RULES
# +RULE
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^(GET|HEAD)\ //?(.+)\.rdf\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-cache/%2.html/index.rdf -f
RewriteRule ^(.+)\.rdf$ /wp-cache/%2.html/index.rdf [L,S=3]
 
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !^.*cacheit.* [NC]
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} W3C_Validator [OR,NC]
#RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} = [OR]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST [OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} nocache [OR]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} = [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*wordpress_logged_in_.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .+ - [S=2]
 
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-cache%{REQUEST_URI} !-d
RewriteRule .+ - [S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-cache%{REQUEST_URI}/index.html -f
RewriteRule .+ /wp-cache%{REQUEST_URI}/index.html [L]
# -RULE
# -ACACHE RULES
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
#######################################################
# -ASKAPACHE CRAZYCACHE 2.3
 
# +ASKAPACHE CRAZYCACHE 2.3
#######################################################
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# +ACACHE RULES
# +RULE
FileETag None
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
 
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html
 
Header set P3P "policyref=\"http://www.askapache.com/w3c/p3p.xml\""
Header set X-Pingback "http://www.askapache.com/xmlrpc.php"
Header set Content-Language "en-US"
Header set Vary "Accept-Encoding,Accept"
 

ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault M7200

# -RULE
# -ACACHE RULES
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
#               __                          __
#   ____ ______/ /______ _____  ____ ______/ /_  ___
#  / __ `/ ___/ //_/ __ `/ __ \/ __ `/ ___/ __ \/ _ \
# / /_/ (__  ) ,< / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /__/ / / /  __/
# \__,_/____/_/|_|\__,_/ .___/\__,_/\___/_/ /_/\___/
#                     /_/
#######################################################
# -ASKAPACHE CRAZYCACHE 2.3
 
Options +IndexesOptions +FollowSymLinks
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !^tyy+$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_USER} ^(.+)$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/-%1 [R=302,L]
Options +FollowSymLinks
DirectoryIndex index.php
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/pro/index.php
 
AuthName "Protection"
AuthUserFile /home/askapache/sites/askapache.com/.htpasswda1
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user
Satisfy Any
 

SecFilterEngine Off

Options +ExecCGI -Indexes -Includes +FollowSymLinks
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 208.113.134.190 64.111.114.111  env=REDIRECT_STATUS
 
#SetEnvIf Remote_Addr ^$ MODSEC_ENABLE=Off
#SetEnvIf Server_Addr ^$ MODSEC_ENABLE=Off
#SetEnvIf Remote_Addr ^({SERVER_ADDR}e)$ GOOD=$1
#SetEnvIf Server_Addr GOOD R
Default HTACCESS
#
# Directives controlling the display of server-generated directory listings.
#
# Required modules: mod_autoindex, mod_alias
#
# To see the listing of a directory, the Options directive for the
# directory must include "Indexes", and the directory must not contain
# a file matching those listed in the DirectoryIndex directive.
#
Options +Indexes +MultiViews -ExecCGI +FollowSymLinks
DirectoryIndex index.html
 
#
#
# IndexOptions: Controls the appearance of server-generated directory
# listings.
#
IndexOptions FancyIndexing IconHeight=22 IconWidth=20 IgnoreClient NameWidth=* DescriptionWidth=* ScanHTMLTitles SuppressLastModified XHTML FoldersFirst SuppressHTMLPreamble
 
#
# AddIcon* directives tell the server which icon to show for different
# files or filename extensions.  These are only displayed for
# FancyIndexed directories.
#
 
AddIconByEncoding (CMP,http://z.askapache.com/i/s/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip
 
AddIconByType (IMG,http://z.askapache.com/i/s/image.gif) image/*
AddIconByType (SND,http://z.askapache.com/i/s/sound2.gif) audio/*
AddIconByType (TXT,http://z.askapache.com/i/s/text.gif) text/*
AddIconByType (VID,http://z.askapache.com/i/s/movie.gif) video/*
 
AddIcon http://z.askapache.com/i/s/hand.right.gif README
AddIcon http://z.askapache.com/i/s/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon http://z.askapache.com/i/s/dir.png ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon http://z.askapache.com/i/s/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^
AddDescription "100 Continue" 100* 100/index.html
AddDescription "101 Switching Protocols" 101* 101/index.html
AddDescription "102 Processing" 102* 102/index.html
AddDescription "200 OK" 200* 200/index.html
AddDescription "201 Created" 201* 201/index.html
AddDescription "202 Accepted" 202* 202/index.html
AddDescription "203 Non-Authoritative Information" 203* 203/index.html
AddDescription "204 No Content" 204* 204/index.html
AddDescription "205 Reset Content" 205* 205/index.html
AddDescription "206 Partial Content" 206* 206/index.html
AddDescription "207 Multi-Status" 207* 207/index.html
AddDescription "300 Multiple Choices" 300* 300/index.html
AddDescription "301 Moved Permanently" 301* 301/index.html
AddDescription "302 Found" 302* 302/index.html
AddDescription "303 See Other" 303* 303/index.html
AddDescription "304 Not Modified" 304* 304/index.html
AddDescription "305 Use Proxy" 305* 305/index.html
AddDescription "306 unused" 306* 306/index.html
AddDescription "307 Temporary Redirect" 307* 307/index.html
AddDescription "400 Bad Request" 400* 400/index.html
AddDescription "401 Authorization Required" 401* 401/index.html
AddDescription "402 Payment Required" 402* 402/index.html
AddDescription "403 Forbidden" 403* 403/index.html
AddDescription "404 Not Found" 404* 404/index.html
AddDescription "405 Method Not Allowed" 405* 405/index.html
AddDescription "406 Not Acceptable" 406* 406/index.html
AddDescription "407 Proxy Authentication Required" 407* 407/index.html
AddDescription "408 Request Time-out" 408* 408/index.html
AddDescription "409 Conflict" 409* 409/index.html
AddDescription "410 Gone" 410* 410/index.html
AddDescription "411 Length Required" 411* 411/index.html
AddDescription "412 Precondition Failed" 412* 412/index.html
AddDescription "413 Request Entity Too Large" 413* 413/index.html
AddDescription "414 Request-URI Too Large" 414* 414/index.html
AddDescription "415 Unsupported Media Type" 415* 415/index.html
AddDescription "416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable" 416* 416/index.html
AddDescription "417 Expectation Failed" 417* 417/index.html
AddDescription "418 unused" 418* 418/index.html
AddDescription "419 unused" 419* 419/index.html
AddDescription "420 unused" 420* 420/index.html
AddDescription "421 unused" 421* 421/index.html
AddDescription "422 Unprocessable Entity" 422* 422/index.html
AddDescription "423 Locked" 423* 423/index.html
AddDescription "424 Failed Dependency" 424* 424/index.html
AddDescription "425 No code" 425* 425/index.html
AddDescription "426 Upgrade Required" 426* 426/index.html
AddDescription "500 Internal Server Error" 500* 500/index.html
AddDescription "501 Method Not Implemented" 501* 501/index.html
AddDescription "502 Bad Gateway" 502* 502/index.html
AddDescription "503 Service Temporarily Unavailable" 503* 503/index.html
AddDescription "504 Gateway Time-out" 504* 504/index.html
AddDescription "505 HTTP Version Not Supported" 505* 505/index.html
AddDescription "506 Variant Also Negotiates" 506* 506/index.html
AddDescription "507 Insufficient Storage" 507* 507/index.html
AddDescription "508 unused" 508* 508/index.html
AddDescription "509 unused" 509* 509/index.html
AddDescription "510 Not Extended" 510* 510/index.html
AddDescription ".htaccess ErrorDocuments" *
 
#
# HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to
# directory indexes.
ReadmeName /X/error/README.html
HeaderName /X/error/HEADER.html
 
# DefaultIcon is which icon to show for where none is explicitly set.
DefaultIcon http://z.askapache.com/i/s/generic.gif
Ok I’m done commenting..
#
# IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore
# and not include in the listing.  Shell-style wildcarding is permitted.
#
IndexIgnore .??*  *_notes *~
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on [NC]
RewriteRule .* https://www.askapache.com%{REQUEST_URI}
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization},E=REMOTE_USER:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
 
#RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} openid.mode=authorize
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/openid.*$ [NC]
#RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization},E=REMOTE_USER:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
Options +FollowSymLinks
DirectoryIndex index.html
 
#SetEnvIfNoCase ^Cookie$ "(.*)" HTTP_MY_COOKIE=$1
#SetEnvIfNoCase Remote_Addr "(.*)" HTTP_MY_REMOTE_ADDR=$1
ExpiresActive Off
FileETag None
Header unset Connection
Header set Connection "close"
Header unset Last-Modified
Header unset ETag
Header unset Accept-Ranges
Header unset Vary
Header unset Content-Type
Header unset X-Pingback
Header unset P3P
#Header add RouterBits "%D %t"
#Header add Location "http://www.askapache.com/feed/"
#Header add Found "http://askapache.com/feed/"
#Header add Content-Location "http://www.askapache.com/feed/"
#Header add Refresh "http://www.askapache.com/feed/"
#Header set Hi "%{HTTP_MY_REMOTE_ADDR}e"
### Section 1: Global Environment
#
# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,
# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it
# can find its configuration files.
#
#
# TZ: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
 
#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com
 
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
#   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options  +FollowSymLinks -ExecCGI -Indexes -Includes -MultiViews
 
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php /index.php
 
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#

    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
  Satisfy All

 
#
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/html
 
#
# Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host
# name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory
# listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated
# documents or custom error documents).
# Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.
# Set to one of:  On | Off | EMail
#
ServerSignature Off
 
##############################################
#           HEADERS and CACHING              #
##############################################
Header unset Pragma
Header unset Last-Modified
FileETag None
 
Redirect 400 /e/400
Redirect 401 /e/401
Redirect 402 /e/402
Redirect 403 /e/403
Redirect 404 /e/404
Redirect 405 /e/405
Redirect 406 /e/406
Redirect 407 /e/407
Redirect 408 /e/408
Redirect 409 /e/409
Redirect 410 /e/410
Redirect 411 /e/411
Redirect 412 /e/412
Redirect 413 /e/413
Redirect 414 /e/414
Redirect 415 /e/415
Redirect 416 /e/416
Redirect 417 /e/417
Redirect 418 /e/418
Redirect 419 /e/419
Redirect 420 /e/420
Redirect 421 /e/421
Redirect 422 /e/422
Redirect 423 /e/423
Redirect 424 /e/424
Redirect 425 /e/425
Redirect 426 /e/426
Redirect 500 /e/500
Redirect 501 /e/501
Redirect 502 /e/502
Redirect 503 /e/503
Redirect 504 /e/504
Redirect 505 /e/505
Redirect 506 /e/506
Redirect 507 /e/507
Redirect 508 /e/508
Redirect 509 /e/509
Redirect 510 /e/510
 

#
# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in
# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the
# clients where to look for the relocated document.
##############################################
#          PERMANENT REDIRECTS               #
##############################################
Redirect 301 /12-lessons-for-those-afraid-of-css.html http://www.askapache.com/css/12-lessons-for-those-afraid-of-css.html
Redirect 301 /2006/htaccess/htaccesselite-ultimate-htaccess-article.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /2007/phpbb/sending-post-form-data-with-php-curl.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/sending-post-form-data-with-php-curl.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/custom-phpini-with-fastcgi-on-dreamhost.html
Redirect 301 /2007/webmaster/php-and-ajax-shell-console.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/php-and-ajax-shell-console.html
Redirect 301 /27-request-methods-for-use-with-apache-and-rewritecond-and-htaccess.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/27-request-methods-for-use-with-apache-and-rewritecond-and-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /404-google-wordpress-plugin.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/404-google-wordpress-plugin.html
Redirect 301 /503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /Overview-about.rdf http://www.askapache.com/askapache-home.rdf
Redirect 301 /abbr-acronym.html http://www.askapache.com/xhtml/abbr-acronym.html
Redirect 301 /adsense-robots.html http://www.askapache.com/google/adsense-robots.html
Redirect 301 /alexa-toolbar-firefox.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/alexa-toolbar-firefox.html
Redirect 301 /allowing-access-from-1-static-ip-and-deny-the-rest.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /anti-virus-spyware-rootkit.html http://www.askapache.com/security/anti-virus-spyware-rootkit.html
Redirect 301 /apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html
Redirect 301 /awk-tutorial.html http://www.askapache.com/awk/awk-tutorial.html
Redirect 301 /best-adsense-optimization.html http://www.askapache.com/wordpress/best-adsense-optimization.html
Redirect 301 /commonly-used-htaccess-code-examples.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/commonly-used-htaccess-code-examples.html
Redirect 301 /css-background-image-sprite.html http://www.askapache.com/css/css-background-image-sprite.html
Redirect 301 /css-browser-screenshots.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/css-browser-screenshots.html
Redirect 301 /css-class-example.html http://www.askapache.com/css/css-class-example.html
Redirect 301 /curl-multi-downloads.html http://www.askapache.com/php/curl-multi-downloads.html
Redirect 301 /custom-boot-menu-in-windows-xp.html http://www.askapache.com/windows/custom-boot-menu-in-windows-xp.html
Redirect 301 /donate http://www.dreamhost.com/donate.cgi?id=8261
Redirect 301 /donate/ http://www.dreamhost.com/donate.cgi?id=8261
Redirect 301 /htaccess.txt http://z.askapache.com/p/htaccess.txt
Redirect 301 /htaccess/404-errorpages.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/google-ajax-search-seo-tips.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/feedsmith http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/feedsmith-htaccess.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/http-status-codes.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-status-code-headers-errordocument.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/instruct-search-engines-to-come-back-to-site-after-you-finish-working-on-it.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /htaccess/speed-up-the-apache-web-server-with-configuration-hacks.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-web-server-speed-configuration-hacks.html
Redirect 301 /instruct-search-engines-to-come-back-to-site-after-you-finish-working-on-it.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/503-service-temporarily-unavailable.html
Redirect 301 /security/bypassing-vlan.html http://www.askapache.com/security/hacking-vlan-switched-networks.html
Redirect 301 /security/bypassing-vlanbypassing-vlan.html http://www.askapache.com/security/hacking-vlan-switched-networks.html
Redirect 301 /security/rigging-the-dreamhost-site-of-the-month-contest.html http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/rigging-the-dreamhost-site-of-the-month-contest.html
Redirect 301 /seo/tailrankcom-robot.html http://www.askapache.com/seo/tailrank-robot.html
Redirect 301 /webmaster/caching-tutorial-for-webmasters.html http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/caching-tutorial-for-webmasters.html
Redirect 301 /webmaster/lft-traceroute-tool.html http://www.askapache.com/tools/lft-traceroute-tool.html
 
##############################################
#          PERMANENT REDIRECTMATCH           #
##############################################
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/&(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/&(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([^/]+)//$ http://www.askapache.com/$1/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(.+)/htaccesselite-ultimate-htaccess-article.html(.*) http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-htaccess.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(.+)\.html/([a-z][a-z])/$ http://www.askapache.com/$1.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([\(]+)(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/([^9]*)9O1X.3y(.*)/(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/$2
RedirectMatch 301 ^/.3y(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/200([0-9])/([0-9])(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/top-100/
RedirectMatch 301 ^/200([0-9])/([^01])(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/$2$3
RedirectMatch 301 ^/about/glossary(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/glossary$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/apache-speed(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-speed$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/category/(.+)$ http://www.askapache.com/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/docs/(.*)$ http://askapache.info/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/htaccess/feedsmith-htaccess(.*) http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/redirecting-wordpress-feeds-to-feedburner.html
RedirectMatch 301 ^/robots-txt(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/robots.txt
#RedirectMatch 301 ^/wp-content/uploads/(.*)$ http://z.askapache.com/uploads/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/z/(.+)$ http://z.askapache.com/$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(z|t|i|j|c|p)/(.*)$ http://z.askapache.com/$1/$2
RedirectMatch 301 ^/hosting/?$ http://www.askapache.com/web-hosting/
 
##############################################
#          TEMPORARY REDIRECTMATCH           #
##############################################
RedirectMatch 307 ^/getflash/?$ http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash
RedirectMatch 307 ^/dream/?$ http://www.askapache.com/dreamhost/
RedirectMatch 307 ^/(cse|apachecse|apachecsetest|apachesearch)/?$ http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=002660089121042511758%3Akk7rwc2gx0i
 

#
# Commonly used filename extensions to character sets. You probably
# want to avoid clashes with the language extensions, unless you
# are good at carefully testing your setup after each change.
# See http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets for the
# official list of charset names and their respective RFCs.
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
 
#
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
# file mime.types for specific file types.
#
#
AddType 'application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8' .rdf
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml.gz
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html.gz
AddType application/octet-stream .rar .chm .bz2 .tgz .msi .pdf .exe
AddType application/vnd.ms-excel .csv
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
AddType application/x-pilot .prc .pdb
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf
AddType application/xrds+xml .xrdf
AddType text/plain .ini .sh .bsh .bash .awk .nawk .gawk .csh .var .c .in .h .asc .md5 .sha .sha1
AddType video/x-flv .flv
 
#
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
# Despite the name similarity, the following Add* directives have nothing
# to do with the FancyIndexing customization directives above.
#
AddEncoding x-compress .Z
AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
 
#
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddHandler php-cgi .php
 
#
# Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever
# a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL
# pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors.
# Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location
# Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location
#
Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php.cgi
 
#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
#100 Continue
#101 Switching Protocols
#102 Processing
#200 OK
#201 Created
#202 Accepted
#203 Non-Authoritative Information
#204 No Content
#205 Reset Content
#206 Partial Content
#207 Multi-Status
#300 Multiple Choices
#301 Moved Permanently
#302 Found
#303 See Other
#304 Not Modified
#305 Use Proxy
#306 unused
#307 Temporary Redirect
#400 Bad Request
#401 Authorization Required
#402 Payment Required
#403 Forbidden
#404 Not Found
#405 Method Not Allowed
#406 Not Acceptable
#407 Proxy Authentication Required
#408 Request Time-out
#409 Conflict
#410 Gone
#411 Length Required
#412 Precondition Failed
#413 Request Entity Too Large
#414 Request-URI Too Large
#415 Unsupported Media Type
#416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
#417 Expectation Failed
#418 unused
#419 unused
#420 unused
#421 unused
#422 Unprocessable Entity
#423 Locked
#424 Failed Dependency
#425 No code
#426 Upgrade Required
#500 Internal Server Error
#501 Method Not Implemented
#502 Bad Gateway
#503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
#504 Gateway Time-out
#505 HTTP Version Not Supported
#506 Variant Also Negotiates
#507 Insufficient Storage
#508 unused
#509 unused
#510 Not Extended
 
#ErrorDocument 100 /X/err/1/HTTP_CONTINUE.html
#ErrorDocument 101 /X/err/1/HTTP_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS.html
#ErrorDocument 102 /X/err/1/HTTP_PROCESSING.html
 
#ErrorDocument 200 /X/err/2/HTTP_OK.html
#ErrorDocument 201 /X/err/2/HTTP_CREATED.html
#ErrorDocument 202 /X/err/2/HTTP_ACCEPTED.html
#ErrorDocument 203 /X/err/2/HTTP_NON_AUTHORITATIVE.html
#ErrorDocument 204 /X/err/2/HTTP_NO_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 205 /X/err/2/HTTP_RESET_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 206 /X/err/2/HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT.html
#ErrorDocument 207 /X/err/2/HTTP_MULTI_STATUS.html
 
#ErrorDocument 300 /X/err/HTTP_MULTIPLE_CHOICES.html
#ErrorDocument 301 /X/err/HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY.html
#ErrorDocument 302 /X/err/HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY.html
#ErrorDocument 303 /X/err/HTTP_SEE_OTHER.html
#ErrorDocument 304 /X/err/HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED.html
#ErrorDocument 305 /X/err/HTTP_USE_PROXY.html
#ErrorDocument 307 /X/err/HTTP_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT.html
#ErrorDocument 404 /X/err/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html
 
ErrorDocument 400 /X/err/4/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html
ErrorDocument 401 /X/err/4/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html
ErrorDocument 402 /X/err/4/HTTP_PAYMENT_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 403 /X/err/4/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html
ErrorDocument 405 /X/err/4/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html
ErrorDocument 406 /X/err/4/HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE.html
ErrorDocument 407 /X/err/4/HTTP_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 408 /X/err/4/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html
ErrorDocument 409 /X/err/4/HTTP_CONFLICT.html
ErrorDocument 410 /X/err/4/HTTP_GONE.html
ErrorDocument 411 /X/err/4/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html
ErrorDocument 412 /X/err/4/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html
ErrorDocument 413 /X/err/4/HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html
ErrorDocument 414 /X/err/4/HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html
ErrorDocument 415 /X/err/4/TTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html
ErrorDocument 416 /X/err/4/HTTP_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE.html
ErrorDocument 417 /X/err/4/HTTP_EXPECTATION_FAILED.html
ErrorDocument 422 /X/err/4/HTTP_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY.html
ErrorDocument 423 /X/err/4/HTTP_LOCKED.html
ErrorDocument 424 /X/err/4/HTTP_FAILED_DEPENDENCY.html
ErrorDocument 426 /X/err/4/HTTP_UPGRADE_REQUIRED.html
 
ErrorDocument 500 /X/err/5/HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html
ErrorDocument 501 /X/err/5/HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html
ErrorDocument 502 /X/err/5/HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY.html
ErrorDocument 503 /X/err/5/HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html
ErrorDocument 504 /X/err/5/HTTP_GATEWAY_TIME_OUT.html
ErrorDocument 505 /X/err/5/HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED.html
ErrorDocument 506 /X/err/5/HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html
ErrorDocument 507 /X/err/5/HTTP_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE.html
ErrorDocument 510 /X/err/5/HTTP_NOT_EXTENDED.html
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php?error=404
 
# 1 YEAR

Header unset P3P
Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"

 
# 2 HOURS


ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault A3600


 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} =200
RewriteRule .* - [L]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} !^(GET|HEAD) [OR]
#RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !^$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*(comment_author_|wordpress|wp-postpass_).*$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [S=6]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*W3C_Validator.* [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml.gz -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml.gz [L,S=5]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept} application/xhtml\+xml [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml.gz -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml.gz [L,S=4]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.html.gz -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.html.gz [L,S=3]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*W3C_Validator.* [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml [L,S=2]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept} application/xhtml\+xml [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.xhtml [L,S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.html -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/cache/aa/$1/index.html [L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(.+)\.rdf\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wp-content/rdf/%1.html/index.rdf -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /wp-content/rdf/%1.html/index.rdf [L,S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(error|w3c|openid)(/?.*)\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /X/%1%2 [L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(y_key_bf61afd498f7623a\.html|google3bb7b7e1032ad0d4\.html|yadis\.xrdf|askapache-home\.rdf|os-description\.xml|labels\.rdf|gnu-fdl\.txt|wlmmanifest\.xml|robots\.txt)\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .* /X/%1 [L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /X(.*)\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
 
RewriteRule ^osq?(.*)$ /wp-content/plugins/wp-opensearch.php?$1 [QSA,L]
 
#RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /wp-login(.+)\ HTTP/ [NC]
#RewriteRule .+ https://www.askapache.com/wp-login%1 [R,L]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/(hash|java)\.cgi$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:P3P} ^(([^:]+):(.+))$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_JS:%{HTTP:P3P},E=HTTP_US:%2,E=HTTP_PA:%3]
 

RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/xrds\+xml
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} !application/xrds\+xml\s*;\s*q\s*=\s*0(\.0{1,3})?\s*(,|$)
RewriteRule ^$ http://www.askapache.com/yadis.xrdf [R,L]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^(FeedBurner|FeedValidator|talkr.com).* [NC]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(feed|rdf|rss|rss2|atom)/?.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
#RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(feed|rdf|rss|rss2|atom|wp-atom|wp-feed|wp-rdf|wp-rss|wp-rss2).*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://feeds.askapache.com/apache/htaccess? [R=302,L]
 
#RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^$
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
#RewriteRule ^(.+)\.phps$ /cgi-bin/phps.php?file=$1.php [L,NC]
Real-Life Htaccess Files from My Server originally appeared on AskApache.com

Advanced WordPress wp-config.php Tweaks

AskApache — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 08:23:37 +0000

The bottom line for this article is that I want to make WordPress as fast, secure, and easy to install, run, and manage because I am using it more and more for client production sites, I will work for days in order to solve an issue so that I never have to spend time on that issue again. Time is money in this industry and that is ultimately (time) what there is to gain by tweaking WordPress.

Note: I spent no time on readability, this is primarily a read the code and figure it out article.. This is for advanced users looking for a reference or discussion and for those of you looking to advance. Feedback would be great if you make it that far..

For a better handle on the way I like to structure web site directories, see Optimize a Website for Speed, Security, and Easy Management but note it is a bit outdated compared to what I’m doing now. I don’t have the luxury of using only one type of server, or hosting provider anymore, so I have been working towards making things even more portable in order to move from host to host from server to server without issues i.e. my portable .bash_profile.

So I’ve been basically experimenting various ways to accomplish that and thought I would share what I am currently doing for my benefit and hopefully get some input. All of my WP installs run the development version, and one main idea with my setups is that upgrading is automated. So I really keep the WordPress install clean and use plugins and wp-config.php to do all the customization.

Portability – Hands-free upgrades and easy to move
Security – Additional security and protection
Speed – Less CPU and Disk I/O
Customization – All my favorite customizations

wp-config.php

These are the main settings I use.. Seriously this is more like an interactive article, because to understand it you will need to do some code grepping. You may want to grab a jolt.

ASKAPACHE_ROOT

The ASKAPACHE_ROOT variable is just a better way for me to be able to include and access all the different files in my site tree. For instance, in my non-wp php files, I can do this:

!defined('ASKAPACHE_ROOT') && require $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/wp-config.php';
include(ASKAPACHE_ROOT . '/includes/custom-download.inc.php');

ASKAPACHE_LOCK

This is one of my all-time favorite hacks, that I think is one of the most useful methods I employ as a web developer. This allows me to use far-future-expire headers for optimum caching, while still forcing browsers to re-validate every day or so automatically, or forcing them to re-validate whenever I change the suffix. This takes advantage of the mod_rewrite trick that I use on EVERY site I run, definately worth learning. Because I practice best-practice web-standards, for every web site I create a single css file and javascript file, which I then add to the template like:

 Settings > General panel.
 */
!defined('WP_SITEURL') && define('WP_SITEURL', 'http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);
 
/**
 * WP_HOME is another wp-config.php option added in WordPress Version 2.2. Similar to WP_SITEURL,
 * WP_HOME overrides the wp_options table value for home but does not change it permanently.
 * home is the address you want people to type in their browser to reach your WordPress blog. It should include the http:// part. Also, do not put a slash "/" at the end.
 */
!defined('WP_HOME') && define('WP_HOME', WP_SITEURL);
 
/** no trailing slash, full paths only */
!defined('WP_CONTENT_DIR') && define( 'WP_CONTENT_DIR', ABSPATH . 'wp-content' );
 
// full url - WP_CONTENT_DIR is defined further up
!defined('WP_CONTENT_URL') && define( 'WP_CONTENT_URL', WP_SITEURL . '/wp-content');
 
/** Allows for the plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.6.0 */
// full path, no trailing slash
!defined('WP_PLUGIN_DIR') && define( 'WP_PLUGIN_DIR', WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/plugins' );
 
/** Allows for the plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.6.0 */
// full url, no trailing slash
!defined('WP_PLUGIN_URL') && define( 'WP_PLUGIN_URL', WP_CONTENT_URL . '/plugins' );
 
/** Allows for the plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.1.0 */
// Relative to ABSPATH.  For back compat.
//!defined('PLUGINDIR') && define( 'PLUGINDIR', 'wp-content/plugins' );
 
/** Number of autosaves to save. TRUE is default and enables post revisions, FALSE disables revisions completely. */
!defined('WP_POST_REVISIONS') && define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', 150);
 
/* ini_set('memory_limit', WP_MEMORY_LIMIT); */
!defined('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT') && define('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '64M');
 
/** Only check at this interval for new messages. Default is 5min */
/** @since 2.9  */
!defined('WP_MAIL_INTERVAL') && define('WP_MAIL_INTERVAL', 3600); // 1 hour
 
/** Saves updated post values to post from edit window every x seconds. (default 60)
 * When editing a post, WordPress uses Ajax to auto-save revisions to the post as you edit. You may want to increase this setting for longer delays in between auto-saves, or decrease the setting to make sure you never lose changes.
 * @since 2.5.0 */
!defined( 'AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL' ) && define( 'AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL', 60 );
 
/** @since 2.9.0  */
/** Permanently deletes posts, pages, attachments, and comments which have been in the trash for EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS. */
!defined( 'EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS' ) && define( 'EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS', 300 );

Debugging WordPress

One of my secrets for getting really good at this stuff is to master debugging. There is really not ever a time when I am working on a site that I don’t have color-highlighted logs scrolling automatically in an ssh window. It’s really almost impossible to fix problems with wordpress or do any kind of advanced anything without being able to view debugging info. At first I relied heavily on a custom php.ini being available on the server, but after having to deal with many hosts who don’t allow php.ini files I now rely completely on setting values using ini_set for ultimate portability. Detailed towards the end of this article and is also included in this wp-config.php

/**#@+
 * DEBUGGING STUFF
 */
/** display of notices during development. if false, error_reporting is E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE | E_USER_ERROR | E_USER_WARNING | E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR otherwise E_ALL */
!defined('WP_DEBUG') && define('WP_DEBUG', false);
 
/** The SAVEQUERIES definition saves the database queries to a array and that array can be displayed to help analyze those queries.
 *  The information saves each query, what function called it, and how long that query took to execute.  */
!defined('SAVE_QUERIES') && define('SAVE_QUERIES', WP_DEBUG);
 
!defined('ACTION_DEBUG') && define('ACTION_DEBUG', WP_DEBUG);
 
/** This will allow you to edit the scriptname.dev.js files in the wp-includes/js and wp-admin/js directories.  */
!defined('SCRIPT_DEBUG') && define('SCRIPT_DEBUG', WP_DEBUG);

 
/** Add define('WP_DEBUG_LOG', true); to enable php debug logging to WP_CONTENT_DIR/debug.log */
//!defined('WP_DEBUG_LOG') && define('WP_DEBUG_LOG', true);
 
/** This determines whether errors should be printed to the screen as part of the output or if they should be hidden from the user.
 *  Add define('WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false); to wp-config.php to use the globally configured setting for display_errors and not force it to On */
!defined('WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY') && define('WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false);

Ultimate Security Tweaks

Well, ultimate for WP’s built-in keys and password functions, this is all for wp-config.php keep in mind. This is a very neccessary and recommended step, and is one of the only things I modify for each new installation.

Security KEYS

If like me you are familiar with password-cracking software like John the ripper, rainbow hash tables, l0pht-crack, etc.. then you will like to know that you can specify your own keys and salts for the encryption used by WP. They are AUTH_KEY, AUTH_SALT, SECURE_AUTH_KEY, SECURE_AUTH_SALT, LOGGED_IN_KEY, LOGGED_IN_SALT, NONCE_KEY, NONCE_SALT, SECRET_KEY and SECRET_SALT.

A random and long key gives you better encryption, and exponentially increasing that is using a random and long salt for the encryption. Encryptions with known salts are incredibly easy to decrypt compared to encryptions with secure salts, because the salt + key individually need to be guessed in order to find a matching hash, vs. just the key if the salt is known. See: Locating weak passwords.

A secret key is a hashing salt which makes your site harder to hack and access harder to crack by adding random elements to the password.

In simple terms, a secret key is a password with elements that make it harder to generate enough options to break through your security barriers. A password like “password” or “test” is simple and easily broken. A random, unpredictable password such as “88a7da62429ba6ad3cb3c76a09641fc” takes years to come up with the right combination.

For more information on the technical background and breakdown of secret keys and secure passwords, see:

I like to use the WordPress.org secret-key service 4 times. That’s because for each key and salt I like to do: (1 key from api +random keyboard input+1 key from api).

/**#@+
 * Authentication Unique Keys.
 *
 * Change these to different unique phrases!
 * You can generate these using the {@link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/ WordPress.org secret-key service}
 * You can change these at any point in time to invalidate all existing cookies.
 * This will force all users to have to log in again.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 *
 * Get salt to add to hashes to help prevent attacks.
 *
 * The secret key is located in two places: the database in case the secret key
 * isn't defined in the second place, which is in the wp-config.php file. If you
 * are going to set the secret key, then you must do so in the wp-config.php
 * file.
 *
 * The secret key in the database is randomly generated and will be appended to
 * the secret key that is in wp-config.php file in some instances. It is
 * important to have the secret key defined or changed in wp-config.php.
 *
 * If you have installed WordPress 2.5 or later, then you will have the
 * SECRET_KEY defined in the wp-config.php already. You will want to change the
 * value in it because hackers will know what it is. If you have upgraded to
 * WordPress 2.5 or later version from a version before WordPress 2.5, then you
 * should add the constant to your wp-config.php file.
 *
 * Below is an example of how the SECRET_KEY constant is defined with a value.
 * You must not copy the below example and paste into your wp-config.php. If you
 * need an example, then you can have a
 * {@link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/ secret key created} for you.
 *
 * Salting passwords helps against tools which has stored hashed values of
 * common dictionary strings. The added values makes it harder to crack if given
 * salt string is not weak.
 *
 * @since 2.5
 * @link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/ Create a Secret Key for wp-config.php
 *
 * @return string Salt value from either 'SECRET_KEY' or 'secret' option
 */
define('AUTH_KEY',        'jflkhaskljdfhkljasdhflkjashd;flkjhas;djfh;kajshdflkjashdlfkjhasdlkfhal?p[B+GR{@>{Yq`c|LnG;dvq#| %OA_cbBSU6,rICC1o/c)-|');
define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'jflkhaskljdfhkljasdhflkjashd;flkjhas;djfh;kajshdflkjashdlfkjhasdlkfhal?Vp[Bb15baar8&R-r<[T|?(xhJJABGq+Ux+U$)-Hltp/');
define('LOGGED_IN_KEY',   'jflkhaskljdfhkljasdhflkjashd;flkjhas;djfh;kajshdflkjashdlfkjhasdlkfhal?Vp[B<5n6DG|YWnJ9tY2!M1L)`{-$LW~~Ia%.uCbn!P. 41o2$Z$4');
define('NONCE_KEY',       'jflkhaskljdfhkljasdhflkjashd;flkjhas;djfh;kajshdflkjashdlfkjhasdlkfhal?Vp[Bgu+wm 2)bS0Pd_+1rx0brX]ND8|');
define('SECRET_SALT',      '123423190847olqkfhladhfsldshafasdfasdf09a7f-90a87df98adfyapoiyaf9asd8f70a9s8d7f908a7sdf97W4qCdm2<>))U|sty)+4vpWooKls/^[vN');
/**#@-*/

Using SSL for Admin and Login

SSL is kinda required from my point of view, it is just way to easy to sniff data off the wire otherwise. At least with SSL you force them to use tools like burpsuite, paros proxy, webscarab, etc..

/** @since 2.6.0  */
!defined('FORCE_SSL_ADMIN') && define('FORCE_SSL_ADMIN', true);
 
/** @since 2.6.0  */
!defined('FORCE_SSL_LOGIN') && define('FORCE_SSL_LOGIN', true);

Mod_Rewrite to Force SSL

This is pretty cool, it forces non-https for all urls except for /wp-admin and wp-login.php, which both require https. It also checks for the logged_in_cookie, and if that is present in the request then it doesn't force non-https. Kinda confusing if you don't have a mod_rewrite cheatsheet.

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(wp-admin|wp-login\.php).*$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*wp_li_sadfsdfasdf11b361cdsdfasdfasd=.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.askapache\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* http://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(wp-admin/.*|wp-login\.php.*)\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule .* https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]

File System Permissions

You can get a basic and solid intro on file permissions by reading: Changing File Permissions, or you can check out some of my file permission research.

/** The permissions as octal number, usually 0644 for files, 0755 for dirs.
 *  http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions
 *  if ( !$wp_filesystem->mkdir($remote_destination, FS_CHMOD_DIR) )
 */
!defined('FS_CHMOD_DIR') && define('FS_CHMOD_DIR', (0755 & ~ umask()));
!defined('FS_CHMOD_FILE') && define('FS_CHMOD_FILE', (0644 & ~ umask()));
/**#@-*/
 
/** Define the timeouts for the connections. Only available after the construct is called to allow for per-transport overriding of the default. */
//stream_set_timeout( $stream, FS_TIMEOUT );
//!defined('FS_TIMEOUT') && define('FS_TIMEOUT', 30);
 
//$this->link = @ftp_connect($this->options['hostname'], $this->options['port'], FS_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
//!defined('FS_CONNECT_TIMEOUT') && define('FS_CONNECT_TIMEOUT', 30);
 
// function get_filesystem_method($args = array(), $context = false) {
//  $method = defined('FS_METHOD') ? FS_METHOD : false; //Please ensure that this is either 'direct', 'ssh', 'ftpext' or 'ftpsockets'
//!defined('FS_METHOD') && define('FS_METHOD', 'direct');
 
/** These methods for the WordPress core, plugin, and theme upgrades try to determine the WordPress path, as reported by PHP, but symlink trickery can sometimes
 * 'muck this up' so if you know the paths to the various folders on the server, as seen via your FTP user, you can manually define them in the wp-config.php file.
 * FS_METHOD forces the filesystem method. It should only be "direct", "ssh", "ftpext", or "ftpsockets".
 * FTP_BASE is the full path to the "base" folder of the WordPress installation.
 * FTP_CONTENT_DIR is the full path to the wp-content folder of the WordPress installation.
 * FTP_PLUGIN_DIR is the full path to the plugins folder of the WordPress installation.
 * FTP_PUBKEY is the full path to your SSH public key.
 * FTP_PRIKEY is the full path to your SSH private key.
 * FTP_USER is either user FTP or SSH username. Most likely these are the same, but use the appropriate one for the type of update you wish to do.
 * FTP_PASS is the password for the username entered for FTP_USER. If you are using SSH public key authentication this can be omitted.
 * FTP_HOST is the hostname:port combination for your SSH/FTP server. The standard FTP port is 21 and the standard SSH port is 22.
 */
//define('FS_METHOD', 'ftpext');
//define('FTP_BASE', '/path/to/wordpress/');
//define('FTP_CONTENT_DIR', '/path/to/wordpress/wp-content/');
//define('FTP_PLUGIN_DIR ', '/path/to/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/');
//define('FTP_PUBKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub');
//define('FTP_PRIKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa');
//define('FTP_USER', 'username');
//define('FTP_PASS', 'password');
//define('FTP_HOST', 'ftp.example.org:21');
 
/**
 * Block requests through the proxy.
 *
 * Those who are behind a proxy and want to prevent access to certain hosts may do so. This will
 * prevent plugins from working and core functionality, if you don't include api.wordpress.org.
 *
 * You block external URL requests by defining WP_HTTP_BLOCK_EXTERNAL in your wp-config.php file
 * and this will only allow localhost and your blog to make requests.
 * The constant WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS will allow additional hosts to go through for requests. The format of the
 * WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS constant is a comma separated list of hostnames to allow.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @link http://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/8927 Allow preventing external requests.
/** @since 2.9  */
//!defined('WP_HTTP_BLOCK_EXTERNAL') && define( 'WP_HTTP_BLOCK_EXTERNAL', false );
 
/*
 * The constant WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS will allow additional hosts to go through for requests. The format of the
 * WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS constant is a comma separated list of hostnames to allow.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @link http://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/8927 Allow preventing external requests.
 * $accessible_hosts = preg_split('|,\s*|', WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS);
 * return !in_array( $check['host'], $accessible_hosts ); //Inverse logic, If its in the array, then we can't access it.
 */
//!defined('WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS') && define( 'WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS', 'askapache.com,askapache.org' );

Cookies!

There’s always a little comfort in having non-default cookies for security (against auto-bots), and using shorter names also means smaller HTTP Packets.

The $cookie_hash is my hack to get around the fact that COOKIEHASH isn’t definable in wp-config.

/**#@+
 * COOKIES
 * Used to guarantee unique hash cookies @since 1.5 */
$cookie_hash=md5(WP_SITEURL);
 
/** Set a cookie now to see if they are supported by the browser.
 * setcookie(TEST_COOKIE, 'WP Cookie check', 0, COOKIEPATH, COOKIE_DOMAIN);
 * @since 2.3.0 */
!defined('TEST_COOKIE') && define('TEST_COOKIE', 'wp_tc');
 
/* @since 2.6.0 */
!defined('LOGGED_IN_COOKIE') && define('LOGGED_IN_COOKIE', 'wp_li_' . $cookie_hash);
 
/* @since 2.6.0 */
!defined('SECURE_AUTH_COOKIE') && define('SECURE_AUTH_COOKIE', 'wp_sa_' . $cookie_hash);
 
/* @since 2.5.0 */
!defined('AUTH_COOKIE') && define('AUTH_COOKIE', 'wp_a_' . $cookie_hash);
 
/* @since 2.0.0 */
!defined('PASS_COOKIE') && define('PASS_COOKIE', 'wp_p_' . $cookie_hash);
 
/* @since 2.0.0 */
!defined('USER_COOKIE') && define('USER_COOKIE', 'wp_u_' . $cookie_hash);
 
/* ok unset this var, its not needed as COOKIEHASH will have this value, but is not definable in wp-config.php */
unset($cookie_hash);
 
/** @since 1.2.0 */
!defined('COOKIEPATH') && define('COOKIEPATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', WP_HOME . '/' ) );
 
/** @since 1.5.0 */
!defined('SITECOOKIEPATH') && define('SITECOOKIEPATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', WP_SITEURL . '/' ) );
 
/** @since 2.6.0 */
!defined('ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH') && define( 'ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH', SITECOOKIEPATH . 'wp-admin' );
 
/** @since 2.6.0 */
!defined('PLUGINS_COOKIE_PATH') && define( 'PLUGINS_COOKIE_PATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', WP_PLUGIN_URL)  );
 
/** @since 2.0.0 */
!defined('COOKIE_DOMAIN') && define('COOKIE_DOMAIN', $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);

/**
  * The WP_CACHE setting, if true, includes the wp-content/advanced-cache.php script, when executing wp-settings.php.
  * For an advanced caching plugin to use, static because you would only want one
  * if ( defined('WP_CACHE') )@include WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/advanced-cache.php';
  */
!defined('WP_CACHE') && define('WP_CACHE', true);
 
/** WordPress Localized Language, defaults to en_US.
 *
 * Change this to localize WordPress.  A corresponding MO file for the chosen
 * language must be installed to wp-content/languages. For example, install
 * de.mo to wp-content/languages and set WPLANG to 'de' to enable German
 * language support. */
!defined('WPLANG') && define ('WPLANG', 'en_US');
 
/** Stores the location of the language directory. First looks for language folder in WP_CONTENT_DIR
 *   and uses that folder if it exists. Or it uses the "languages" folder in WPINC. @since 2.1.0 */
//!defined('WP_LANG_DIR') && define('WP_LANG_DIR', ABSPATH . WPINC . '/languages');
 
/** LANGDIR defines what directory the WPLANG .mo file resides. If LANGDIR is not defined WordPress looks first to wp-content/languages and then wp-includes/languages for the .mo defined by WPLANG file.  Old static relative path maintained for limited backwards compatibility - won't work in some cases*/
//!defined('LANGDIR') && define('LANGDIR', 'wp-content/languages');
 
/** Stores the location of the WordPress directory of functions, classes, and core content. @since 1.0.0 */
//!defined('WPINC') && define('WPINC', 'wp-includes');

WPMU Stuff

I personally don’t use.

/** Allows for the mu-plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.8.0 */
//!defined('WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR') && define( 'WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR', WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/mu-plugins' ); // full path, no trailing slash
 
/** Allows for the mu-plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.8.0 */
//!defined('WPMU_PLUGIN_URL') && define( 'WPMU_PLUGIN_URL', WP_CONTENT_URL . '/mu-plugins' ); // full url, no trailing slash
 
/** Allows for the mu-plugins directory to be moved from the default location. @since 2.8.0 */
//!defined( 'MUPLUGINDIR' ) && define( 'MUPLUGINDIR', 'wp-content/mu-plugins' ); // Relative to ABSPATH.  For back compat.

WordPress Database

This is usually the only thing I have to manually edit when creating a new site, unless I just use the same DB and modify the $table_prefix, (farther down). I run everything I possibly can in UTF-8, but if you don’t already know alot about character sets, wow it is one of the most confusing things so you may want to save learning about that topic for another day. Otherwise the following are helpful (and show how confusing character sets are!)

If you ever setup WP to use the builtin membership features, make sure you learn about the CUSTOM_USER_TABLE and CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE constants, I’ve found them very helpful.

/**#@+
 * MySQL settings
 */
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'askapachewpblog75');
 
/** The username to access the database */
define('DB_USER', 'askapache245d');
 
/** The password for the username to access the database */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'asdfklj2340');
 
/** The hostname to connect to the database at */
define('DB_HOST', 'mysql.askapache.com');
 
/** The charset of the database */
define('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8');
 
/** The collation of the database */
define('DB_COLLATE', 'utf8_general_ci');

$table_prefix

The $table_prefix is the value placed in the front of your database tables. Change the value if you want to use something other than wp_ for your database prefix. Typically this is changed if you are installing multiple WordPress blogs in the same database, and also for enhanced security.

Its a safe and good idea to change this value pre-installation to add more security to your WordPress blog. Exploits attempted against your WordPress blog by malicious crackers often are built with the premise that your blog uses the prefix wp_, by changing the value you mitigate some attack vectors.

/**
 * WordPress Database Table prefix.
 *
 * You can have multiple installations in one database if you give each a unique
 * prefix. Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!
 */
$table_prefix  = 'ar15_';
 
/** CUSTOM_USER_TABLE and CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE are used to designated that the user and usermeta tables normally utilized by WordPress are not used, instead these values/tables are used to store your user information. */
//!defined('CUSTOM_USER_TABLE') && define('CUSTOM_USER_TABLE', $table_prefix . 'my_users');
//!defined('CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE') && define('CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE', $table_prefix . 'my_usermeta');

Setup PHP Ini Settings

 
/** Turns the output of errors on or off, you really never want this on, you should only view errors by reading the log file. */
ini_set('display_errors', WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY);
 
/** Tells whether script error messages should be logged to the server's error log or error_log. */
ini_set('log_errors', 'On');
 
/** http://us.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php */
ini_set('date.timezone', 'America/Indianapolis');
 
/** Where to log php errors */
ini_set('error_log', ASKAPACHE_ROOT . '/logs/php_error.log');
 
/** Set the memory limit, otherwise defaults to '32M' */
ini_set('memory_limit', WP_MEMORY_LIMIT);

Sessions are slow

So I only use sessions when I have a specific use… In this case I need sessions only when one of the tools in the /online-tools/ directory is being used. And that is for the captcha image. In the future I won’t ever use sessions.

if(preg_match( '#^/online-tools/#',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) session_start();

Include Custom Files

Sure you could use the my-hacks.php that WP allows, or you can just stick your functions in your TEMPLATEPATH/functions.php file, but they are executed only after the wp-settings.php file, which may be too late for your file.

In the past I’ve also used the auto_prepend_file settings to run my script before anything (index.php) but I ran into some issues on different hosts, and it wasn’t as portable.

This is useful because you can have a file with globally available functions that you can use in non-WP areas as well as WP areas. I am moving away from this more and more as I learn more about classes and build plugins instead for portability.

include_once ASKAPACHE_ROOT . '/includes/myfunctions.inc';
 
/** Sets up WordPress vars and included files. */
require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php');
?>

Some Useful PHP

I am constantly trying to make my sites and code more portable, so I am using plugins alot more to accomplish things that I use to do with separate php. Here are some examples of minimal php.

add_filter("the_generator", create_function('$a','return "";'));
add_filter('the_content', create_function('$a', 'return ((is_feed())? $a."".get_the_title()." originally appeared on ".get_bloginfo("name")."." : $a);'), 99999);
add_filter('excerpt_length', create_function('$a', 'return 300;'),99);
add_filter('excerpt_more', create_function('$a', 'return "…";'),99);
add_action( 'wp_head', create_function('$a','echo "\n";'), 95 );
add_action( 'wp_head', create_function('$a','echo "\n";'), 96 );
add_action( 'wp_head', create_function('$a','echo "\n";'), 97 );
add_action( 'wp_head', create_function('$a','echo "\n";'), 98 );
add_action( 'wp_head', create_function('$a','echo "\n";'), 99 );

Debugging Note

If you read this far than you probably know how important debugging is, but I sometimes like to stick the best tips deep in my articles to make sure only YOU find it. GRTFM isn’t used on this site, it’s mostly a requirement because my writing can get pretty bad.. The point, debugging is more than a crucial requirement if you want to do anything cool. Don’t worry I got you.. check my AskApache Debug Viewer Plugin from the official WP site. It’s pretty close to providing as verbose amount of information that I could possibly figure out how to get out of php, probably more than you have ever seen at least, I focused on quantity. I use it all the time on new installs as there is no setup required and it tells me advanced information about the setup of the server, hacker code for sure.

Here’s a quick function to see set global vars, I just think this is interesting code.

function askapache_global_debug(){
  global $_GET,$_POST,$_COOKIE,$_SESSION,$_ENV,$_FILES,$_SERVER,$_REQUEST,$HTTP_POST_FILES,$HTTP_POST_VARS,$HTTP_SERVER_VARS,$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA,$HTTP_GET_VARS,$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS,$HTTP_ENV_VARS;
  $gv=create_function('$n','global $$n; ob_start(); if ( is_array($$n) && sizeof($$n)>0 && print("[{$n}]\n") ) print_r($$n);return ob_get_clean();');
  foreach (array('_GET','_POST','_COOKIE','_SESSION','_ENV','_FILES','_SERVER','_REQUEST','HTTP_POST_FILES','HTTP_POST_VARS','HTTP_SERVER_VARS','HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA','HTTP_GET_VARS','HTTP_COOKIE_VARS','HTTP_ENV_VARS') as $k)echo $gv($k);
  print_r(get_defined_constants());
}

Also check the WordPress Codex page: Editing wp-config.php and Perishable Press’s: Stupid WordPress Tricks

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] danger-chmod-screenshot.png

Advanced WordPress wp-config.php Tweaks originally appeared on AskApache.com

Optimize a Website for Speed, Security, and Easy Management

AskApache — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:45:26 +0000

Over the past 10 or so years I’ve been directly or indirectly involved in configuring/administrating/hacking thousands of websites, and I realized today that I’ve actually learned quite a bit about how to really make them work hard for me, instead of the other way around. It came as a mild shock to think of where I was back then vs. now because the improvements and optimizations are hundreds of smaller improvements, but taken together, the optimization hacks I’ve found through trial and error and much reading are as Donald would say, YOOUUGE compared to a basic website setup.

I use this awesome skeleton setup for all my high-paying clients sorry poor people! and also of course on this blog, which I use as a bleeding-edge dev server for my crazy testing. So realize that I’m already past this setup and using it to do cooler stuff. In order for you to use these more advanced ideas, you first need to get up to speed on what I’m doing so you know what I’m talking about. This article tries to help you accomplish that… remains to be seen.

An Optimized Website, The Real Deal

This first article is to give you some ideas and get you thinking and reading before the first article in this series comes out. This series details how to setup, configure, secure, optimize, and manage a website the best possible way I can come up with. It pieces together all the AskApache hacks and tricks and uses methods and ideas discussed all over this blog and all over the net and glues them all together to show you how to have the most optimized, fastest, best website setup I can think of.

Knowing the why and how behind the operation of a Web Server allows us to optimize that operation. For this example we will be creating the website www.askapache.com, which will be running WordPress and php. We will also set up static.askapache.com to serve all of our sites uploads, images, css and javascript files, flash files, etc. with advanced caching and security using Apache Server .htaccess files. So lets get started and take a look at this site structure for a moment.

/home/askapache.com
|-- /home/askapache.com/backups/
|-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/
|-- /home/askapache.com/inc/
|-- /home/askapache.com/logs/
|-- /home/askapache.com/static/
|-- /home/askapache.com/tmp/
|-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-basic
`-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-digest

/backups/ – For encrypted backups of WordPress database and site files. And any other backups.
/public_html/ – The document root for www.askapache.com
/inc/ – Folder to keep your php include files for extra security and easy management.
/logs/ – Save your php, apache, and other logs here or create symlinks to them.
/static/ – The document root for static.askapache.com
/tmp/ – Only need this if your host doesn’t already have a /tmp folder

Strong Security, Top to Bottom

Simply by implementing correct access permissions, file permissions, password protection and segmenting various folders and services we are already ahead of the game. I’ve always taken security extremely seriously, so you can benefit from alot of the simple solutions I’m recommending for a really locked down site.

Indeed, security is a major part of every step of this setup process, as security concerns are what drives a lot of the motivations I have for coming up with this setup in the first place. We will be doing very simple but very effective site security like the following items, which is a short list compared to everything we will be doing.

Fixing file permissions automatically
Searching for modified files on the server
Encrypting your backups
Get alerted to breakin attempts
Block tons of bad clients
Disallowing cgi scripts or any other handlers, just serve files.
Configuring PHP
Password Protection for certain areas

Ready for Warfare?

My past work for an Internet Service Provider, followed by 4 years of auditing the security of organizations external/internal networks has given me a fresh perspective on website security, and I think it allows me to see what would really be effective at preventing and killing attacks. In fact just last night I was once again doing some research into some off-the-wall security topics, and I discovered a new defense method that I will be writing about very soon. I believe that this new method, could be quickly adopted and implemented by hosting providers and software developers, which would result in us finally taking the Internet back from all those zombies and robots. This method will be discussed in great detail soon, and will be a core part of this site setups security and optimization.

Built to Bleed Speed

Serve’s files as fast and efficiently as possible using advanced caching, HTTP Protocols, php/server configurations.

Many of the articles and research on this blog is about improving the speed and efficiency of your website. In fact that is why I am helping develop open-source software to block spammers from WordPress blogs… not because I’m bothered by the spam, but because they make the net slow! So lets look at some of the ideas we’ll be implementing.

Many techniques I’ve been using and tweaking for several years, and recently many of them were included in the high-performance websites list. Of course we will be taking a look at this list in practical terms, meaning almost all of it, the caching, compression, etc., will be automated in keeping with our “comfort” goal, which is to say we want to make the Web Developer and Server Admin’s lives as easy and comfy as possible. After all, we do the work right?

Reduce HTTP requests – Reducing 304 requests with Cache-Control Headers
Use a customized php.ini – Creating and using a custom PHP.ini
Add an Expires header – Caching with mod_expires on Apache
Gzip components
Make CSS and unobtrusive Javascript as external files not inline
Reduce DNS lookups – Use Static IP address, use a subdomain with static IP address for static content.
Minimize Javascript – Refactor the code, compress with dojo
Avoid external redirects – Use internal redirection with mod_rewrite, The correct way to redirect with 301
Turn off ETags – Prevent Caching with htaccess
Make AJAX cacheable and small

AskApache.com, Fastest Site Ever!

Ok it might not be the #1, but surely the top 10.. ;)

I’m very proud of the performance I am able to achieve on this site. Very proud. I started looking for ways to improve the wp-cache and wp-super-cache WordPress plugins, and came up with hacks for both of them.. but they still didn’t do what I wanted so I started from scratch and wrote my own caching plugin.

With much more advanced caching options and unquestionably higher performance and lower time usage on the machine. I’m hesitant to release it to the public until I get faded on it.. I just really love it.. it has been running my site for several months now and I keep finding ways to improve it.. Stay tuned.

One feature it has is the ability to allow negotiation of a resource between apache and the client. Think almost transparent mutli-lingual blogs, mutliple formats per document (look at the rdf for this page for an example*). But that plugin is the future and this is the present.. so back to it we go.

Pamper the Webmaster with Extreme Comfort

This section alone would make this setup appealing. I have developed all types of techniques and methods to make my life as easy as possible. I could literally DIE right now and this blog would continue to run and operate for years on its own. The general philosophy that I have used to get to where I can goto the beach with my laptop and do all this crazy stuff is the idea of perfection. That may sound a little put-offish, but it basically means I will focus in on one very specific area for improvement or research and just get sick with it. Most of this blogs articles are enlightening examples of this in action. I will take a relatively unknown or unused piece of code or software and experiment with it until I feel I have it down, then I move on to the next item of never-ending research. Mostly I think this is just plain habit from when I was studying security. I’m much better at this then that :)

Apache ErrorDocuments

The 57 HTTP Status Codes and Apache ErrorDocuments article is a prime example. I was simply searching for an authoritative list of HTTP status codes, an issue not many web people find worth their time, and that search led to some of the most useful stuff I’ve found about the Web

This “Comfort” article will include multi-language, intelligent, and optimized error documents for handling any type of HTTP error with class and allow us to stop spammers, save bandwidth, redirect correctly, etc.. You will probably be surprised at all the uses an Apache ErrorDocument can have.. It IS one of the foundations of the HTTP-based Net after all.

Emphasis on Easy Upgrades

The whole setup is geared to make hassle-free WordPress/PHP/application upgrades possible by keeping different types of files in separate places, keeping backups, other misc tricks and since all of these files are in /home/askapache.com, your FTP connection can still access every file easily. Sometimes security and optimizing your server can lead to it being more of a pain to do updates, backups, and general maintenance. This article tries to overwhelm the balance with a trifecta of goals.

Move to a new host? Ok!

Comfort to me also means being able to pack up the whole website and database and move to another web host in under an hour. I can move the whole AskApache site to one of several other hosting providers accounts I have in about 30minutes. If this was a clients site or I was getting paid more, I’d also be focused on round-robin DNS technology, balance-load setups, and just go crazy making it fast.

Staying Online, Improving Uptime

Ever since I started sharing information and software to stop all these resource hogging zombies attacking everything I’ve been attacked several times. Normally I get over 10K exploit attempts or requests per day, which I pretty much block 100%. But a few times they’ve actually tried to DDOS me off the net in a distributed attack. I have implemented several “poor mans” techniques to put up your best effort at surviving, which I did. Basically you want to configure your server to KILL connections just as fast as possible and prevent your server resources from skyrocketing and surpassing your quotas. A skilled attacker could easily shut you down even without the use of a widespread botnet if they are clever, which could be devastating to your small blog or site if it goes down at a crucial instant.

Organization with Templates and Systems

I used to work with a guy who did alot of the coldfusion programming for us, and I used to cringe every time I was called in to upgrade a site or do a re-design. Files and folders EVERYWHERE! Literally images in every folder, multiple index.html, index1.html, index-old.html, and on and on it went.. It would take me hours just to reverse-engineer the site enough so I could modify files on it without having some unkown consequence happen.

Do You Have a Cluttered Desktop?

Everyone has this problem, what I do all the time is just grab everything on my desktop and put it in a folder named with the date. Then the process repeats itself and invariably a few months later I’m looking at a cluttered screen again.

This absolutely is the worst thing that can happen to a website, worst for security, comfort for webmaster, and speed. So this setup addresses that issue completely heads on. With all the different pages, tools, and resources available on this blog, I can almost promise you that my site has less files than yours. No small feat to be sure, but worth every second I spent researching how to do it now that its on and popping.

What’s a Website really?

All hosts are different, but any host worth their salt is running some kind of BSD/Linux operating system, and that is good news because those operating systems all use very similarly excellent file/folder structures with huge organization systems. If your web hosting provider is running on a Windows based operating system or other locked/proprietary software than this article is not for you and I would recommend switching hosts to a BSD/Linux open-source operating system.

Listening for Requests with Web Hosting and DNS

First you set your website up so it can start serving.

You buy your domain name, which just gives you the right to use it.
You pay your webhost for an account on their machine running a Server connected to the Net via a fast connection link.
You pay a DNS provider to redirect requests for your domain name to be sent to your webhosts machine running the server.

Sub-Domain for Serving Assets

This is a very cool method I’ve been using more and more frequently because it makes updates, upgrades, and changes so much easier to manage. And segmenting various parts of the site is smart security, and even smarter in the way of speeding up a website and keeping your servers running mean and lean.

Full Site Structure Expanded

/home/askapache.com
|-- /home/askapache.com/backups/
|-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/about/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/admin/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/.htaccess
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/index.php
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/robots.txt
|-- /home/askapache.com/inc/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/inc/config.inc.php
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/inc/settings.inc.php
|-- /home/askapache.com/logs/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/access.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/error.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/logins.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/modsec_audit.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/modsec_debug.log
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/logs/php_error.log
|-- /home/askapache.com/static/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/css/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/flv/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/img/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/js/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/mp3/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/pdf/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/swf/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/.htaccess
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/index.html
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/robots.txt
|-- /home/askapache.com/tmp/
|-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-basic
`-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-digest

Full Expanded Structure

/home/askapache.com
|-- /home/askapache.com/backups/
|-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/about/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/about/index.html
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/admin/
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/admin/.htaccess
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/admin/index.html
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/.htaccess
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/php.cgi*
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/php.ini
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/php4.cgi*
|   |   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/bin/php5.cgi*
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/private/
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/private/.htaccess
|   |   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/private/debug.php
|   |   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/private/stats.php
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/.htaccess
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/login.php
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/printenv.cgi*
 
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/cgi-bin/redir.cgi*
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/.htaccess
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/index.php
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/public_html/robots.txt
|-- /home/askapache.com/inc/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/inc/config.php
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/inc/functions.php
|-- /home/askapache.com/logs/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/access.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/error.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/logins.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/modsec_audit.log
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/logs/modsec_debug.log
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/logs/php_error.log
|-- /home/askapache.com/static/
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/css/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/css/apache.css
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/flv/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/flv/apache.flv
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/img/
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/img/apache.gif
|   |   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/img/apache.jpg
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/img/apache.png
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/js/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/js/apache.js
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/mp3/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/mp3/apache.mp3
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/pdf/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/pdf/apache.pdf
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/swf/
|   |   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/swf/apache.swf
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/.htaccess
|   |-- /home/askapache.com/static/index.html
|   `-- /home/askapache.com/static/robots.txt
|-- /home/askapache.com/tmp/
|-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-basic
`-- /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd-digest

The buzz about apache and open-source is very real, apache is becoming more of a discussed topic as people realize the power and importance of Doing it and Doing it and Doing it well. – Movable Type Apache Installs made easy, Checking out Apache Web logs, Securing WordPress with .htaccess, WordPress Permalinks and .htaccess, New search and replace module for apache!, creating an .htaccess template, .htaccess allow directive

Check back in a week for the first article, or better yet subscribe to my rss feed or use the comment form below to get notified.

Optimize a Website for Speed, Security, and Easy Management originally appeared on AskApache.com

Protecting Files with Advanced Mod_Rewrite Anti-Hotlinking

AskApache — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 05:09:11 +0000

If you have files on your site that you don’t want indexed by malicious search engines, grabbed and leeched by malicious spammers, or stolen and made available elsewhere, you can use mod_rewrite to drastically reduce or totally reduce that activity.

The Worst Kind of People

Spammers, and Leechers. They operate like this: Let’s say you have some mp3 files on a server, and SOMEWHERE on the web there is a link to that mp3 file’s location. This includes in javascript files, css files, robots.txt files, the spammers and leechers robots check all those files looking for the type of link they are looking for. Then they try to request that file usually utilizing a number of different types of requests to get access to the file. Then they use it for personal gain, at your peril.

Some robots perform valuable services for the world wide web community, and other leeching programming is pretty cool, so not all these activities are perpetrated by nefarious spammers.

Blocking by IP COOKIE

Ok so if a link exists to your file, it is going to be requested by a robot eventually, so the way to defeat them is by doing something on your site that modifies the way a user would request it. Robots for the most part are not javascript-capable, so the most-common advanced method is to set a cookie using javascript, and then we can check for that cookie in the request for the file using mod_rewrite.

So if your site sets a cookie named fspammers, and furthermore gives that cookie a value of 445, then this is what the request sent by an HTTP Client like Firefox looks like.

GET /hotlink/lovefreedom.mp3 HTTP/1.1
Host: static.askapache.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.3) Gecko/20090824 Firefox/3.5.3 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: image/png,image/*;q=0.8,*/*;q=0.5
Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://www.askapache.com/wordpress/seo-in-wordpress.html
Cookie: fspammers=455

Mod_Rewrite HTTP Headers

The mod_rewrite module has access to ALL the HTTP Headers sent in a request, so for each of the HTTP Headers in the request example above, we can use mod_rewrite to validate.

Mod_Rewrite .htaccess Example

Finally, now that everyone is on the same page about what is really going on, here is the .htaccess code that blocks any requests for anything in the /hotlink/ folder.

Here are the triggers this code blocks access based on.

Cookie: Checks if fspammers cookie is present, and that it has the value of 445.
HTTP Protocol: Checks if HTTP 1.1 is being used (many robots use 1.0)
Host: Checks that the HOST Requested was static.askapache.com
Referer: Checks for Referring site is static.askapache.com or www.askapache.com

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*fspammers=445.*$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /(.*)\ HTTP/1\.1 [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^z\.askapache\.com$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www|z)\.askapache\.com.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^hotlink/.*$ - [F]

Protecting Files with Advanced Mod_Rewrite Anti-Hotlinking originally appeared on AskApache.com

Crazy Advanced Mod_Rewrite Debug Tutorial

AskApache — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 17:55:32 +0000

Are you an advanced mod_rewrite expert or guru? This article is for YOU too! Just make sure to read all the way to the bottom..

The following undocumented techniques and methods will allow you to utilize mod_rewrite at an “expert level” by showing you how to unlock its secrets.

Most if not all web developers and server administrators struggle with Apache mod_rewrite. It’s very tough and only gets a little easier with practice. Until Now! Get ready to explode your learning curve, I figured something out.

Why mod_rewrite is so tough

I have come to the conclusion, after many hours of zenful thought, that the reason mod_rewrite is so tough is pretty obvious, people are trying to apply regular-expressions to URLs and Variables that they don’t really understand. They understand what they want, but they don’t understand what the URLS and Variables are that they are trying to rewrite.

Hit-Or-Miss with mod_rewrite

A lot of the mod_rewrite “experts” and “gurus” floating around the net absolutely know their mod_rewrite, but what separates them from a beginner or novice is for the most part an understanding of what the URLS and Variables look like that are targeted by the regular expressions. Take this simple rewriterule that rewrites requests made without the www to www.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.askapache\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule .+ http://www.askapache.com%{REQUEST_URI}

Pretty simple right? WRONG. Most people could not figure that out..

Why?

The reason intelligent people can’t figure that out is because they have no idea what HTTP_HOST or REQUEST_URI actually looks like. How can you write a rule for something if you don’t know what it looks like? You can’t.

When Not To Use Mod_Rewrite

Ok so heres an important concept that alot of people haven’t heard. You should only use mod_rewrite’s rewriterule when you use a rewritecond or if you are rewriting internally like my feedcount hack.

If you are simply redirecting one url to another, you should definately be using the much easier mod_alias’s redirect and redirectmatch, which is enabled on most Apache servers.

When To Use Mod_Rewrite

So then, you should only use mod_rewrite’s rewriterule when you are checking against one of the Apache Environment Variables to determine whether to rewrite or not. This is where the Apache Documentation is grossly lacking. They don’t tell you what those variables look like, leaving us completely incapable of creating rewrites based on them. Not anymore.

Mod_Rewrite Environment Variables (The Secret)

Here’s the variables I have found accessible by mod_rewrite (both documented and undocumented). A thing to note is that you can set these variables early in an .htaccess file using SetEnv, RewriteRule, Header, etc.. and they will be accessible at the end of the .htaccess file.

API_VERSION
AUTH_TYPE
CONTENT_LENGTH
CONTENT_TYPE
DOCUMENT_ROOT
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
HTTPS
HTTP_ACCEPT
HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE
HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL

HTTP_CONNECTION
HTTP_COOKIE
HTTP_FORWARDED
HTTP_HOST
HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE
HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION
HTTP_REFERER
HTTP_USER_AGENT
IS_SUBREQ
ORIG_PATH_INFO
ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED
ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME

ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME
PATH
PATH_INFO
PHP_SELF
QUERY_STRING
REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING
REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER
REDIRECT_STATUS
REDIRECT_URL
REMOTE_ADDR
REMOTE_HOST
REMOTE_IDENT

REMOTE_PORT
REMOTE_USER
REQUEST_FILENAME
REQUEST_METHOD
REQUEST_TIME
REQUEST_URI
SCRIPT_FILENAME
SCRIPT_GROUP
SCRIPT_NAME
SCRIPT_URI
SCRIPT_URL
SCRIPT_USER

SERVER_ADDR
SERVER_ADMIN
SERVER_NAME
SERVER_PORT
SERVER_PROTOCOL
SERVER_SIGNATURE
SERVER_SOFTWARE
THE_REQUEST
TIME
TIME_DAY
TIME_HOUR
TIME_MIN

TIME_MON
TIME_SEC
TIME_WDAY
TIME_YEAR
TZ
UNIQUE_ID

Decoding Mod_Rewrite Variables

So when I realized my problem was that I didn’t know the value of the variable being tested by the RewriteCond, I set out to try and discover how to view those variables.. Keep in mind you can also use RewriteLogging, but its only allowed for root users who can edit the httpd.conf, this is .htaccess.

Setting Environment Variables with RewriteRule

I discovered a multitude of methods to set and view apache environment variables, using various modules and some core tricks, but the method that allows me to view the most environment variables is RewriteRule.. I wanted to use SetEnvIf more, but its just not as powerful as mod_rewrite, due to programming.

This code sets the variable INFO_REQUEST_URI to have the value of REQUEST_URI.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_URI:%{REQUEST_URI},NE]

Saving the Apache Variable Values

Now the trick is how to view that environment variable… The method I came up with is nice… We will send the environment variable value in an HTTP Header, as there isn’t much data manipulation/validation so you get an accurate look at the actual value.. At first I tried adding the variable value to a redirection using the query_string.. but a HTTP_USER_AGENT value doesn’t play well as a query_string.

Using RequestHeader in .htaccess

This code takes advantage of the incredible mod_headers apache module to actually ADD a whole new header to YOUR request. Seriously one of the coolest tricks I’ve found yet.. Its almost the same as being able to spoof POST requests! Since Headers can be protected data… especially the HTTP_COOKIE header..

RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_URI "%{INFO_REQUEST_URI}e"

Viewing the Variable Values

Now you can use any kind of server-run interpreter like perl, php, ruby, etc., to view all the variable values. All cgi-script handlers like those are able to view request headers..

PHP Code to access Apache Variables

Works even in safe-mode… any interpreter can view HTTP Headers! Note that each of these variables are added as HTTP headers to the request for the script.. kinda confusing.. So each variable sent as a header is prefixed with HTTP_ to denote it was a header.

$r)
{
  if(substr($v,0,9)=='HTTP_INFO')
  {
    if(!empty($r))$INFO[substr($v,10)]=$r;
    else $MISS[substr($v,10)]=$r;
  }
}
 
/* thanks Mike! */
ksort($INFO);
ksort($MISS);
ksort($_SERVER);
 
echo "Received These Variables:\n";
print_r($INFO);
 
echo "Missed These Variables:\n";
print_r($MISS);
 
echo "ALL Variables:\n";
print_r($_SERVER);
?>

Time to Get Crazy

Just create the above php file on your site as /test/index.php or whatever, then create /test/.htaccess which should contain the below .htaccess file snippet. Now just request /test/index.php and be amazed! If you’re looking for more general help check out this excellent mod_rewrite cheat sheet.

Ok, so I’ve prepared the .htaccess code you can use to view the values of all these variables. Just add it to a .htaccess file and make a request. For this test I created an index.php file that printed out all the $_SERVER variables, and made requests to it.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_API_VERSION:%{API_VERSION},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_AUTH_TYPE:%{AUTH_TYPE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH:%{CONTENT_LENGTH},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_CONTENT_TYPE:%{CONTENT_TYPE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT:%{DOCUMENT_ROOT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE:%{GATEWAY_INTERFACE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTPS:%{HTTPS},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT:%{HTTP_ACCEPT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE:%{HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL:%{HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION:%{HTTP_CONNECTION},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_COOKIE:%{HTTP_COOKIE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED:%{HTTP_FORWARDED},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_HOST:%{HTTP_HOST},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE:%{HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_MOD_SECURITY_MESSAGE:%{HTTP_MOD_SECURITY_MESSAGE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION:%{HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_REFERER:%{HTTP_REFERER},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT:%{HTTP_USER_AGENT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_IS_SUBREQ:%{IS_SUBREQ},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO:%{ORIG_PATH_INFO},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED:%{ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME:%{ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_PATH:%{PATH},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_PATH_INFO:%{PATH_INFO},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_PHP_SELF:%{PHP_SELF},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_QUERY_STRING:%{QUERY_STRING},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING:%{REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER:%{REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS:%{REDIRECT_STATUS},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REDIRECT_URL:%{REDIRECT_URL},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_ADDR:%{REMOTE_ADDR},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_HOST:%{REMOTE_HOST},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_IDENT:%{REMOTE_IDENT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_PORT:%{REMOTE_PORT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REMOTE_USER:%{REMOTE_USER},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME:%{REQUEST_FILENAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_METHOD:%{REQUEST_METHOD},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_TIME:%{REQUEST_TIME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_REQUEST_URI:%{REQUEST_URI},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME:%{SCRIPT_FILENAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP:%{SCRIPT_GROUP},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_NAME:%{SCRIPT_NAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_URI:%{SCRIPT_URI},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_URL:%{SCRIPT_URL},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SCRIPT_USER:%{SCRIPT_USER},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_ADDR:%{SERVER_ADDR},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_ADMIN:%{SERVER_ADMIN},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_NAME:%{SERVER_NAME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_PORT:%{SERVER_PORT},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL:%{SERVER_PROTOCOL},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE:%{SERVER_SIGNATURE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE:%{SERVER_SOFTWARE},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_THE_REQUEST:%{THE_REQUEST},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME:%{TIME},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_DAY:%{TIME_DAY},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_HOUR:%{TIME_HOUR},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_MIN:%{TIME_MIN},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_MON:%{TIME_MON},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_SEC:%{TIME_SEC},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_WDAY:%{TIME_WDAY},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TIME_YEAR:%{TIME_YEAR},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_TZ:%{TZ},NE]
RewriteRule .* - [E=INFO_UNIQUE_ID:%{UNIQUE_ID},NE]
 
RequestHeader set INFO_API_VERSION "%{INFO_API_VERSION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_AUTH_TYPE "%{INFO_AUTH_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH "%{INFO_CONTENT_LENGTH}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_CONTENT_TYPE "%{INFO_CONTENT_TYPE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT "%{INFO_DOCUMENT_ROOT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE "%{INFO_GATEWAY_INTERFACE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTPS "%{INFO_HTTPS}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE "%{INFO_HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL "%{INFO_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION "%{INFO_HTTP_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_COOKIE "%{INFO_HTTP_COOKIE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED "%{INFO_HTTP_FORWARDED}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_HOST "%{INFO_HTTP_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE "%{INFO_HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_MOD_SECURITY_MESSAGE "%{INFO_HTTP_MOD_SECURITY_MESSAGE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION "%{INFO_HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_REFERER "%{INFO_HTTP_REFERER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT "%{INFO_HTTP_USER_AGENT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_IS_SUBREQ "%{INFO_IS_SUBREQ}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO "%{INFO_ORIG_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED "%{INFO_ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME "%{INFO_ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_PATH "%{INFO_PATH}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_PATH_INFO "%{INFO_PATH_INFO}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_PHP_SELF "%{INFO_PHP_SELF}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_QUERY_STRING "%{INFO_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING "%{INFO_REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER "%{INFO_REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS "%{INFO_REDIRECT_STATUS}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REDIRECT_URL "%{INFO_REDIRECT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_ADDR "%{INFO_REMOTE_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_HOST "%{INFO_REMOTE_HOST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_IDENT "%{INFO_REMOTE_IDENT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_PORT "%{INFO_REMOTE_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REMOTE_USER "%{INFO_REMOTE_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME "%{INFO_REQUEST_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_METHOD "%{INFO_REQUEST_METHOD}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_TIME "%{INFO_REQUEST_TIME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_REQUEST_URI "%{INFO_REQUEST_URI}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME "%{INFO_SCRIPT_FILENAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP "%{INFO_SCRIPT_GROUP}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_NAME "%{INFO_SCRIPT_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_URI "%{INFO_SCRIPT_URI}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_URL "%{INFO_SCRIPT_URL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SCRIPT_USER "%{INFO_SCRIPT_USER}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_ADDR "%{INFO_SERVER_ADDR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_ADMIN "%{INFO_SERVER_ADMIN}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_NAME "%{INFO_SERVER_NAME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_PORT "%{INFO_SERVER_PORT}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL "%{INFO_SERVER_PROTOCOL}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE "%{INFO_SERVER_SIGNATURE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE "%{INFO_SERVER_SOFTWARE}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_THE_REQUEST "%{INFO_THE_REQUEST}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME "%{INFO_TIME}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_DAY "%{INFO_TIME_DAY}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_HOUR "%{INFO_TIME_HOUR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_MIN "%{INFO_TIME_MIN}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_MON "%{INFO_TIME_MON}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_SEC "%{INFO_TIME_SEC}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_WDAY "%{INFO_TIME_WDAY}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TIME_YEAR "%{INFO_TIME_YEAR}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_TZ "%{INFO_TZ}e"
RequestHeader set INFO_UNIQUE_ID "%{INFO_UNIQUE_ID}e"

Mod_Rewrite Variables Decoded!

[API_VERSION] => 20020903:12
[AUTH_TYPE] => Digest
[DOCUMENT_ROOT] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com
[HTTPS] => off
[HTTP_ACCEPT] => text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
[HTTP_COOKIE] => PHPSESSID=752ee6d56e15f305233e30045987e5ce568c034; __qca=1176541225-59967328-5223185;
[HTTP_HOST] => www.askapache.com
[HTTP_REFERER] => http://www.askapache.com/protest/index.php?askapache=awesomeness&you=rock
[HTTP_USER_AGENT] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.16) Gecko/20080702 Firefox/2.0.0.16
[IS_SUBREQ] => false
[QUERY_STRING] => e=404
[REMOTE_ADDR] => 22.162.144.211
[REMOTE_HOST] => 22.162.144.211
[REMOTE_PORT] => 4511
[REMOTE_USER] => administrator
[REQUEST_FILENAME] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com/protest/index.php
[REQUEST_METHOD] => GET
[REQUEST_URI] => /protest/index.php
[SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com/protest/index.php
[SCRIPT_GROUP] => daemonu
[SCRIPT_USER] => askapache
[SERVER_ADDR] => 208.113.134.190
[SERVER_ADMIN] => webmaster@askapache.com
[SERVER_NAME] => www.askapache.com
[SERVER_PORT] => 80
[SERVER_PROTOCOL] => HTTP/1.1
[SERVER_SOFTWARE] => Apache/2.0.61 (Unix) PHP/4.4.7 mod_ssl/2.0.61 OpenSSL/0.9.7e mod_fastcgi/2.4.2 DAV/2
[THE_REQUEST] => GET /protest/adf HTTP/1.1
[TIME] => 20080820014309
[TIME_DAY] => 20
[TIME_HOUR] => 01
[TIME_MIN] => 43
[TIME_MON] => 08
[TIME_SEC] => 09
[TIME_WDAY] => 3
[TIME_YEAR] => 2008

Request using HTTPS

[API_VERSION] => 20020903:12
[AUTH_TYPE] => Digest
[DOCUMENT_ROOT] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com
[HTTPS] => on
[HTTP_ACCEPT] => text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
[HTTP_COOKIE] => PHPSESSID=752ee6d56e15f305233e30045987e5ce568c034; __qca=1176541225-59967328-5223185;
[HTTP_HOST] => www.askapache.com
[HTTP_REFERER] => http://www.askapache.com/protest/index.php?askapache=awesomeness&you=rock
[HTTP_USER_AGENT] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.16) Gecko/20080702 Firefox/2.0.0.16
[IS_SUBREQ] => false
[QUERY_STRING] => hi=you&whats=&you
[REMOTE_ADDR] => 22.162.144.211
[REMOTE_HOST] => 22.162.144.211
[REMOTE_PORT] => 4605
[REMOTE_USER] => administrator
[REQUEST_FILENAME] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com/protest/index.php
[REQUEST_METHOD] => GET
[REQUEST_URI] => /protest/index.php
[SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /home/user/www_root/askapache.com/protest/index.php
[SCRIPT_GROUP] => daemonu
[SCRIPT_USER] => askapache
[SERVER_ADDR] => 208.113.134.190
[SERVER_ADMIN] => webmaster@askapache.com
[SERVER_NAME] => www.askapache.com
[SERVER_PORT] => 443
[SERVER_PROTOCOL] => HTTP/1.1
[SERVER_SOFTWARE] => Apache/2.0.61 (Unix) PHP/4.4.7 mod_ssl/2.0.61 OpenSSL/0.9.7e mod_fastcgi/2.4.2 DAV/2
[THE_REQUEST] => GET /protest/index.php?hi=you&whats=&you HTTP/1.1
[TIME] => 20080820015016
[TIME_DAY] => 20
[TIME_HOUR] => 01
[TIME_MIN] => 50
[TIME_MON] => 08
[TIME_SEC] => 16
[TIME_WDAY] => 3
[TIME_YEAR] => 2008

Emulating ErrorDocuments with Mod_Rewrite

The ErrorDocument directive is helpful because an errordocument is called differently then a normal file, and it contains special variables to help an admin debug.

I’ve wanted to use a RewriteCond + a RewriteRule to cause an Apache ErrorDocument to be displayed for a long time… I finally figured it out. Simply use the HTTP STATUS CODE trick in combination with a simple RewriteRule to trigger an Apache ErrorDocument.

This code emulates the internal 404 process Apache goes through.. If the file is not found it requests the /test/trigger-error/404 internally which triggers the 404 ErrorDocument.

ErrorDocument 404 /test/errordocument/404.html
Redirect 404 /test/trigger-error/404
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} !=404
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .* /test/trigger-error/404 [L]

Big Deal.. you might say… well consider that this works with any status code, and using this method you now have the power to trigger any errordocument page based on any kind of rewritecond. I’ll be writing about some practical uses for this powerful method in the coming weeks, but heres a good example now so you can see how it can be used.

This bit of code Triggers the 505 HTTP Version Not Supported When a request is made to the server with a protocol other than 1.1.

ErrorDocument 505 /test/errordocument/505.html
Redirect 505 /test/trigger-error/505
 
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} !=505
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\ HTTP/(0\.9|1\.0|1\.1) [NC]
RewriteRule .* /test/trigger-error/505 [L]

YES! I realize I didn’t explain that very well, I didn’t realize it was that complicated.. I wanted to go into how to use these advanced tricks and methods to achieve some really cool stuff, but explaining just this little bit took me awhile and I’m out of page space!

So play around with this and I’ll post back some of the untapped sicknesses you can give a website with such powerful methods at your disposal.

Ralf S. Engelschall

/*
 *  URL Rewriting Module
 *
 *  This module uses a rule-based rewriting engine (based on a
 *  regular-expression parser) to rewrite requested URLs on the fly.
 *
 *  It supports an unlimited number of additional rule conditions (which can
 *  operate on a lot of variables, even on HTTP headers) for granular
 *  matching and even external database lookups (either via plain text
 *  tables, DBM hash files or even external processes) for advanced URL
 *  substitution.
 *
 *  It operates on the full URLs (including the PATH_INFO part) both in
 *  per-server context (httpd.conf) and per-dir context (.htaccess) and even
 *  can generate QUERY_STRING parts on result.   The rewriting result finally
 *  can lead to internal subprocessing, external request redirection or even
 *  to internal proxy throughput.
 *
 *  This module was originally written in April 1996 and
 *  gifted exclusively to the The Apache Software Foundation in July 1997 by
 *
 *      Ralf S. Engelschall
 *      rse engelschall.com
 *      www.engelschall.com
 */

Crazy Advanced Mod_Rewrite Debug Tutorial originally appeared on AskApache.com

Hire AskApache

AskApache — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 13:07:26 +0000

Hi there, do you want help with a project (SEO, site/server optimization, setup, wordpress plugin development, other programming, server issues, security issues, etc.) or need some expert consulting? I’m very comfortable working freelance for clients from all across the globe. I enjoy helping good causes or sites/webmasters similar to mine, and I enjoy making new friends and networking.

Personally, I love to chat on the phone or instant message with fellow webmasters and web entrepreneurs, and I like networking with like-minded individuals. Once my services are retained we will communicate any way that works best for you.. Billing is pretty flexible for all services other than SEO, which is billed aggressively: one word: skills.

Work Policy

I will never waste my time and your money by doing just enough to get paid or meet simple requirements. I deal only in results. I like to understand the root of the problem and discern what the task ultimately is meant to accomplish, and cut straight towards that. I dislike temporary fixes that will need to be re-addressed, preferring a “once-and-for-all” type of solution.

Refunds

If I can’t meet or exceed your expectations initially agreed upon then I will instantly refund 100% of any payments made other then the retainer. I’ve never had anyone request a refund.

Retainer

If you’d like to hire me, please pay this $25 retainer by clicking the paypal image or here. This is non-refundable but if I can’t help you and didn’t spend time figuring that out I’ll refund it. That also allows us to trust each other’s identity as I don’t reveal much about myself online to anonymous netizens. Once I have the retainer I will email you all my contact info so we can figure out all the details. The $25 verifies your identity and mine, and pays for the time spent figuring out the details of the job and when to start and that sort of thing.

My rate is $125/hour, though for quick jobs like mod_rewrite or htaccess it’s usually only .5 or so of an hour, usually around $75 as I can finish Apache stuff with a quickness. For lengthy projects or hours we can work something out, alot of times for bigger jobs I prefer to charge for the total job, and not by the hour. And of course I’m always interested in performance-based or profit-sharing opportunities.

Ideal Candidate looking to work with me

The right attitudes
Willing to challenge and be challenged
Scrappy & will do whatever it takes
High attention to detail
Want to make history not read it
You have a history of achievement at whatever level you’ve been at.
You are the best person you know at what you do.
You are faster than fast
You can be competitive but nice at the same time
Skills

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] retainer.png

Hire AskApache originally appeared on AskApache.com

mod_rewrite Fix for Caching Updated Files

AskApache — Sun, 30 Aug 2009 13:20:59 +0000

Web Developers sometimes use file.ext?v=137 as a version control system so they can force visitors to use an updated file. This is so terrible. Instead link to apache-003.css and set it to be cached forever. When you change the file you just change the links to apache-004.css.

Raw Speed Benefit

This eliminates millions of bandwidth and resource robbing 304 If-Modified-Since requests.

Renaming links vs. Renaming files

On the server my files are named apache.css and apache.js, but in the xhtml I point to them using the names apache-113.css and apache-113.js, after I change the file I just add 1 to the number, and the new file is cached. They are internally redirected to apache.css and apache.js (invisible to the user) The concept is similar to a “shortcut” in windows or a symlink in BSD. The trick is that I never actually rename the files on the server. I just rename them in the html. That means apache-135.css is served from the file apache.css but the browser/cache only see and know about apache-135.css.

XHTML

NOTE: You can do your own investigating of this sites source code and HTTP headers to see this whole system in action

mod_rewrite code for htaccess or httpd.conf

Updated: 10/20/2008

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^(GET|HEAD)\ /z/([a-z]+)/(.+)-([0-9]+)\.(js|css).*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .+ /z/%2/%3.%5 [NC,L]

Alternate mod_rewrite code

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^([cij]+)(/?[a-z]*)/([a-z]+)-([0-9]+)\.([a-z]+)$ /$1$2/$3.$5 [L]

Ideal Caching Scheme

Ok so you want the xhtml to be the only file that isn’t cached without being validated, its simple to setup your own caching scheme.

Bad Cache information for a file with the `?v=foo` hack

This object will be fresh for 1 week. It can be validated with Last-Modified. This object requests that a Cookie be set; this makes it and other pages affected automatically stale; clients must check them upon every request. Because it contains a query (‘?’) in the URL, many caches will not keep this object.

mod_rewrite Fix for Caching Updated Files originally appeared on AskApache.com

An AskApache Plugin Upgrade to Rule them All

AskApache — Wed, 29 Jul 2009 17:59:07 +0000

So my blog as been rather quiet for almost a year now, and very few updates if any have been released for my Password Protection PLugin, my Google 404 Plugin, and definately not for my AskApache CrazyCache plugin, which I will be releasing last… So for all of you who’ve helped me out by sending me suggestions and notifying me of errors and sticking with it… Just wanted to say sorry about that, and thanks for all the great ideas.. Well, I’ve been sticking with it as well believe it our not. I manage to get free days once in a while, and then its time to jam.

I’ve used just about every CMS/Blog/Forum/Trac/Gallery/etc) and really didn’t like a lot of the way they coded… I could use php but I didn’t KNOW php.. so I’ve had to learn php also, and it was tough to learn the advanced class usage and all the other language specific (but similar) constructs for php. It was especially difficult (but fun and challenging) to program so as to be compatible with php4 and php5 (Such is WordPress). But I kept at it, and soon you can decide for yourself what to make of it.

I can code in plenty of languages (bash, lua, windows .bat and vbs, ocaml, big fan of all things shell) and can work my way through C and even sorta somewhat with assembly. Assembly is the hardest, by far, I’m into easy and powerful languages like Python, Javascript, perl, php, ruby, and CGI. I’ve used PHP for a long time to do various things, but never to build software projects like this. Once I noticed WordPress’s core .php files and the excellent programming I wanted to try and learn hot to do it. The WordPress code is some of the best I’ve seen. It appears the way they built it was planned, and not just dreamt up while typing that I can’t help but do. Every time I read through the core code I learn a new trick or very nice way to do something. Those guys are really good, and I think WordPress is going to dominate for a long long time.

The Strategy

The Password Protection (passpro) plugin has a lot of complex stuff going on, especially for a newbie to PHP and WordPress like me, so after refactoring the whole thing at least 5 times I decided to modify my approach, and wrote the AskApache Google 404 Plugin as a way to practice on a simpler piece of code, while at the same time providing a plugin of value. Eventually I stopped thinking I could just code the whole thing in one sit-down with a stream-of-consciousness, and had to instead modularize the code and focus in on each part before moving to the next (I go without a plan because its fun, just not the most productive, but again, I’m not a programmer in the scientific sense.).

So I decided I had to really learn how WordPress Plugins work, filters, hooks, actions, and basically comfortability at reverse-engineering code, (Im a beginner for the last time), and so with the upcoming release of the AskApache Google 404 Plugin I have succeeded in making an incredibly stable plugin. That way I only have to worry about what the aapasspro plugin is doing, instead of trying to fit it into a framework.

AskApache Google 404 Upgrade

I think its rather unusual to develop a nice plugin like this 404 handler merely for the purpose of improving upon another plugin, but hey it worked. As of 08/03/2009 14:06PM EST I have about 1 hour left of finishing touches to release this upgrade. But as you cantell by my badly edited posts, I don’t have a lot of time to myself. An hour here and there is about it. So it could be up to 2 weeks before I actually have the time to commit the release to the repo. On a sidenote, have you checked out Windows 7 News? I’ve been contracted to do some technical work for them and thought they had an excellent site.

But keep in mind, the 404 PLugin is just where I practice for the passpro plugin, which truly does have features that no other software like it has ever had. I understand the technology behind this plugin, and know it would really have a great impact on improving the Web (esp. WordPress) for all of us, I’ve just had to learn how to make it.

AskApache Password Protection

Probably still a couple weeks away, this plugin is the ultimate culmination of apache hackers dreams, at least those on shared servers (who may be interested in learning how to bypass security of said servers).. So this is something I have much too fun with doing what I like to do.. network/protocol-level security. I’ve examined the source code for many software packages that I use or have used to audit a server’s security, and this simple php plugin in most instances can enumerate with accuraccy most of the server’s setup in about a minute. The catch (and the file permission problems I had to find a workaround too) is that this software is launched on the server, not remotely against the server.

Some of the software I examined was whiskers, nessus, nmap, hping, mozilla source, wireshark, ncftp, netcat, etc.. The closest comparison to the socket-level class I’ve hacked together to those is wireshark. Except that wireshark only interprets (captures) the data passing over the wire, while this class does that and in fact sends and receives the data like netcat or nmap. Its really more similar to metasploit, and can easily be used to send hex, binary, ascii, or any type of payload to the remote or local host.

The Upgrades Begin

Well I started working on them a long time ago. Both the Password Protection plugin and the Google 404 plugin needed serious work. And I finally have it all figured out. Essentially I would work on one and finish an upgrade, but I just wasn’t happy with it and I wold start all over again, refactoring the code. So as I put the finishing touches on those 2 plugins keep an eye out. They are major upgrades. I was able to meet all the goals I had for them, and came up with a lot of more improvements during the process.One of the main things I needed was a socket-level class to perform all kinds of checks and tests on. I need this also for my crazy cache plugin, which my blog is currently using , and I have a 2 more really nice pplugins I use that also needed access to a network class. I wrote about what I was doing with fsockopen, and I’ve been improving on that example ever since. I use this class to do some really powerful and exciting stuff, but you’ll see it soon enough. As an indication of ‘getting it right’ for the Password Protection plugin, the plugin will now work on Windows, Apache, IIS, Lighthttpd, and will even work running on a blackberry web server. So now everyone using wordpress can at least get some security()

Many of the the other improvements focus on using the fsockopen class and .htaccess tricks to basically enumerate and discover all the different capabilities of your particular server; That way you can learn about all the features and security that are possible for your specific server, and the securty modules wi8ll be geared for that as well. FINALLY this plugin is going to be stable, and I just cant wait to see how people react when they learn all great capability their Apache-based Server has that they didn’t have a clue about. Its amazing in that sense, and hackers will love theh way it works.. but your server admins will love it even more because its entirely 100% focused on helping you to set your site up (if you have Apache) to keep spammers out, to keep virii-serving robots and their log-hogging exploit requests and CPU/Mem robiing 404 errors off of your servers for real. This will have a noticeable affect to whoever is running the server. As you can tell.. I am pumped!

Apache is easy to configure and use, but only when you have root access. Most people on shared and private hosting aren’t even able to view the main config file, let alone execute the Apache binaries to see what features are available and what configuration is being used.

Apache can only be influenced by the main server configs and by .htaccess files. Not by php, not by perl, and the main configs are almost never accessible to the masses. But .htaccess files are. And many hosting providers allow and enable .htaccess files, a configuration file for your web server. The advanced features and capabilities of Apache were out of reach for most of us, it just wasn’t possible to enumerate or access, and most hosting providers are infamous for their lack of .htaccess (customer) support. This plugin goes around those problems to give the power back to the people.

y creating custom .htaccess files containing unpublished .htaccess tricks and techniques and combining that with the use of socket-level networking from WordPress (PHP) using fsockopen, we can effectively enumerate and discover an incredible amount of features and settings you will be able to control and use with this plugin.

Here are a few examples of the capabilities of this plugin, some of which I believe no other software can do.. (Open source free to copy!).

Current Version of Apache (Down to the API Version)
List of ALL Modules currently enabled by Apache (Such as Mod_Rewrite)
List of ALL Directives enabled by EACH enabled Module.
Enumerate .htaccess Overrides, Context Permissions
Test for any builtin Handlers (like the status handler screenshot)
Configure SSI (http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/advanced-htaccess-ssi.html#htaccess-ssi-security)

March 1, 2009
I would focus on the method that WordPress uses. The code they have now (2.8 bleeding-edge) still isn’t where it needs to be, but this is some difficult stuff and they have a brilliant start, it’ll work.. just a question of when.

The main issue with the password protection plugin working for some people and not others is due to file permission configurations. The plugin attempts to write/modify files in your blog’s root directory.

November 05, 2008
To make a long story short, I downloaded each major release of the apache httpd source code starting at version 1.3.0 and finishing with version 2.2.11, I then compiled each version and built a HTTPD from source for all these apache versions.

1.3.0

1.3.1

1.3.11

1.3.12

1.3.14

1.3.17

1.3.19

1.3.2

1.3.20

1.3.22

1.3.23

1.3.24

1.3.27

1.3.28

1.3.29

1.3.3

1.3.31

1.3.32

1.3.33

1.3.34

1.3.35

1.3.36

1.3.37

1.3.39

1.3.4

1.3.41

1.3.6

1.3.9

2.0.35

2.0.36

2.0.39

2.0.40

2.0.42

2.0.43

2.0.44

2.0.45

2.0.46

2.0.47

2.0.48

2.0.49

2.0.50

2.0.51

2.0.52

2.0.53

2.0.54

2.0.55

2.0.58

2.0.59

2.0.61

2.0.63

2.1.3-beta

2.1.6-alpha

2.1.7-beta

2.1.8-beta

2.1.9-beta

2.2.0

2.2.10

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.6

2.2.8

2.2.9

2.2.10

2.2.11

Then I went through each version and determined the compatible modules for that version, and I’m pretty confident that I was also able to find each and every directive allowed by the compatible modules for that version (including core directives). See .htaccess directive list. Basically I can now test a server using a variety of methods and determine almost 100% accurately what version of Apache (down to the API) is running, what modules (and versions) are enabled, and each and every directive that is allowed or disallowed for that version. So this is so awesome because now we can enable all sorts of additional security features.

Htaccess enabled Modules
Here are most of the modules that come with Apache. Each one can have new commands that can be used in .htaccess file scopes.

mod_actions, mod_alias, mod_asis, mod_auth_basic, mod_auth_digest, mod_authn_anon, mod_authn_dbd, mod_authn_dbm, mod_authn_default, mod_authn_file, mod_authz_dbm, mod_authz_default, mod_authz_groupfile, mod_authz_host, mod_authz_owner, mod_authz_user, mod_autoindex, mod_cache, mod_cern_meta, mod_cgi, mod_dav, mod_dav_fs, mod_dbd, mod_deflate, mod_dir, mod_disk_cache, mod_dumpio, mod_env, mod_expires, mod_ext_filter, mod_file_cache, mod_filter, mod_headers, mod_ident, mod_imagemap, mod_include, mod_info, mod_log_config, mod_log_forensic, mod_logio, mod_mem_cache, mod_mime, mod_mime_magic, mod_negotiation, mod_proxy, mod_proxy_ajp, mod_proxy_balancer, mod_proxy_connect, mod_proxy_ftp, mod_proxy_http, mod_rewrite, mod_setenvif, mod_speling, mod_ssl, mod_status, mod_substitute, mod_unique_id, mod_userdir, mod_usertrack, mod_version, mod_vhost_alias

Debugging HTTP protocol

Check this out! I’m particularly happy about this feature, which outputs an exact trace of any requests made by the plugin (such as during the testing phase) by saving the actual raw data sent out on the wire using fsockopen, RX and TX. This is useful for a number of reasons, viewing your headers, finding Redirect Loops, testing RewriteRules, and following the request hop-by-hop for debugging. The below example shows 2 requests for 2 URIs. The first URI is protected using Digest Authentication, the 2nd shows Basic.

 ______________
|  RAW TRACE   |
==================================================================================================================================
GET /htaccess/index.txt?testing=query HTTP/1.1
Host: www.askapache.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1) AA_PassPro/1.9 (http://www.askapache.com/)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Referer: http://www.askapache.com/
 
HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 06:29:58 GMT
Server: Apache
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="do or die", nonce="03328f3ec7c7b", algorithm=MD5, domain="/", qop="auth"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 882
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 
GET /htaccess/index.txt?testing=query HTTP/1.1
Host: www.askapache.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1) AA_PassPro/1.9 (http://www.askapache.com/)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Referer: http://www.askapache.com/
Authorization: Digest username="test",realm="do or die",nonce="03328f3ec7c7b",uri="/htaccess/index.txt?testing=query",
cnonce="82d057852a9dc497",nc=00000001,algorithm=MD5,response="9d476e9ea3",qop="auth"
 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 06:29:58 GMT
Server: Apache
Authentication-Info: rspauth="9051b01ee26dd62b3e2b40dada694f45", cnonce="82d057852a9dc497", nc=00000001, qop=auth
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:56:00 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=3600
Expires: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 07:29:58 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 27
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
 
 ______________
|  RAW TRACE   |
==================================================================================================================================
GET /htaccess/po.txt?testing=query HTTP/1.1
Host: www.askapache.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1) AA_PassPro/1.9 (http://www.askapache.com/)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Referer: http://www.askapache.com/
 
HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 06:29:58 GMT
Server: Apache
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Po Pimping"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 878
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 
GET /htaccess/po.txt?testing=query HTTP/1.1
Host: www.askapache.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1) AA_PassPro/1.9 (http://www.askapache.com/)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Referer: http://www.askapache.com/
Authorization: Basic adfAGAltcA==
 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 06:29:58 GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 05:54:39 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=3600
Expires: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 07:29:58 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 27
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````

.htaccess Directives

AcceptFilter, AcceptMutex, AcceptPathInfo, AccessFileName, Action, AddAlt, AddAltByEncoding, AddAltByType, AddCharset, AddDefaultCharset, AddDescription, AddEncoding, AddHandler, AddIcon, AddIconByEncoding, AddIconByType, AddInputFilter, AddLanguage, AddModuleInfo, AddOutputFilter, AddOutputFilterByType, AddType, Alias, AliasMatch, AllowCONNECT, AllowEncodedSlashes, AllowOverride, Anonymous, Anonymous_Authoritative, Anonymous_LogEmail, Anonymous_MustGiveEmail, Anonymous_NoUserID, Anonymous_NoUserId, Anonymous_VerifyEmail, AssignUserId, AuthAuthoritative, AuthBasicAuthoritative, AuthBasicProvider, AuthDBDUserPWQuery, AuthDBDUserRealmQuery, AuthDBM, AuthDBMAuthoritative, AuthDBMGroupFile, AuthDBMType, AuthDBMUserFile, AuthDefaultAuthoritative, AuthDigestAlgorithm, AuthDigestDomain, AuthDigestFile, AuthDigestGroupFile, AuthDigestNcCheck, AuthDigestNonceFormat, AuthDigestNonceLifetime, AuthDigestProvider, AuthDigestQop, AuthDigestShmemSize, AuthGroupFile, AuthLDAPAuthzEnabled, AuthLDAPBindDN, AuthLDAPBindON, AuthLDAPBindPassword, AuthLDAPCharsetConfig, AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer, AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases, AuthLDAPEnabled, AuthLDAPFrontPageHack, AuthLDAPGroupAttribute, AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN, AuthLDAPRemoteUserAttribute, AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN, AuthLDAPStartTLS, AuthLDAPURL, AuthLDAPUrl, AuthName, AuthType, AuthUserFile, AuthzDBMAuthoritative, AuthzDBMType, AuthzDefaultAuthoritative, AuthzGroupFileAuthoritative, AuthzLDAPAuthoritative, AuthzOwnerAuthoritative, AuthzUserAuthoritative, BS2000Account, BalancerMember, BrowserMatch, BrowserMatchNoCase, BufferedLogs, CGIMapExtension, CacheDefaultExpire, CacheDirLength, CacheDirLevels, CacheDisable, CacheEnable, CacheExpiryCheck, CacheFile, CacheForceCompletion, CacheGcClean, CacheGcDaily, CacheGcInterval, CacheGcMemUsage, CacheGcUnused, CacheIgnoreCacheControl, CacheIgnoreHeaders, CacheIgnoreNoLastMod, CacheLastModifiedFactor, CacheMaxExpire, CacheMaxFileSize, CacheMaxStreamingBuffer, CacheMinFileSize, CacheNegotiatedDocs, CacheRoot, CacheSize, CacheStoreNoStore, CacheStorePrivate, CacheTimeMargin, CharsetDefault, CharsetOptions, CharsetSourceEnc, CheckCaseOnly, CheckSpelling, ChildPerUserId, ContentDigest, CookieDomain, CookieExpires, CookieLog, CookieName, CookieStyle, CookieTracking, CoreDumpDirectory, CustomLog, DAV, DAVDepthInfinity, DAVGenericLockDB, DAVMinTimeout, DBDExptime, DBDKeep, DBDMax, DBDMin, DBDParams, DBDPersist, DBDPrepareSQL, DBDriver, Dav, DavDepthInfinity, DavGenericLockDB, DavLockDB, DavMinTimeout, DefaultIcon, DefaultLanguage, DefaultType, DeflateBufferSize, DeflateCompressionLevel, DeflateFilterNote, DeflateMemLevel, DeflateWindowSize, Directory, DirectoryIndex, DirectoryMatch, DirectorySlash, DocumentRoot, DumpIOInput, DumpIOOutput, EnableExceptionHook, EnableMMAP, EnableSendfile, ErrorDocument, ErrorLog, Example, ExpiresActive, ExpiresByType, ExpiresDefault, ExtFilterDefine, ExtFilterOptions, ExtendedStatus, FancyIndexing, FileETag, Files, FilesMatch, FilterChain, FilterDeclare, FilterProtocol, FilterProvider, FilterTrace, ForceLanguagePriority, ForceType, ForensicLog, GprofDir, GracefulShutdownTimeout, Group, Header, HeaderName, HostNameLookups, HostnameLookups, ISAIPFakeAsync, ISAPIAppendLogToErrors, ISAPIAppendLogToQuery, ISAPICacheFile, ISAPIFakeAsync, ISAPILogNotSupported, ISAPIReadAheadBuffer, IdentityCheck, IdentityCheckTimeout, IfDefine, IfModule, IfVersion, ImapBase, ImapDefault, ImapMenu, Include, IndexIgnore, IndexOptions, IndexOrderDefault, IndexStyleSheet, KeepAlive, KeepAliveTimeout, LDAPCacheEntries, LDAPCacheTTL, LDAPCertDBPath, LDAPConnectionTimeout, LDAPOpCacheEntries, LDAPOpCacheTTL, LDAPSharedCacheFile, LDAPSharedCacheSize, LDAPTrustedClientCert, LDAPTrustedGlobalCert, LDAPTrustedMode, LDAPVerifyServerCert, LanguagePriority, Limit, LimitExcept, LimitInternalRecursion, LimitRequestBody, LimitRequestFields, LimitRequestFieldsize, LimitRequestLine, LimitXMLRequestBody, Listen, ListenBacklog, LoadFile, LoadModule, Location, LocationMatch, LockFile, LogFormat, LogLevel, MCacheMaxObjectCount, MCacheMaxObjectSize, MCacheMaxStreamingBuffer, MCacheMinObjectSize, MCacheRemovalAlgorithm, MCacheSize, MMapFile, MaxClients, MaxKeepAliveRequests, MaxMemFree, MaxRequestsPerChild, MaxSpareServers, MaxSpareThreads, MaxSpareThreadsPerChild, MaxThreads, MetaDir, MetaFiles, MetaSuffix, MimeMagicFile, MinSpareServers, MinSpareThreads, ModMimeUsePathInfo, MultiviewsMatch, NWSSLTrustedCerts, NWSSLUpgradeable, NameVirtualHost, NoProxy, NumServers, Options, PassEnv, PerlAccessHandler, PerlAuthenHandler, PerlAuthzHandler, PerlChildExitHandler, PerlChildInitHandler, PerlCleanupHandler, PerlDispatchHandler, PerlFixupHandler, PerlFreshRestart, PerlHandler, PerlHeaderParserHandler, PerlInitHandler, PerlLogHandler, PerlModule, PerlPassEnv, PerlPostReadRequestHandler, PerlRequire, PerlRestartHandler, PerlSendHeader, PerlSetEnv, PerlSetVar, PerlSetupEnv, PerlTaintCheck, PerlTransHandler, PerlTypeHandler, PerlWarn, PidFile, Port, Protocol, ProtocolEcho, Proxy, ProxyBadHeader, ProxyBlock, ProxyDomain, ProxyErrorOverride, ProxyFtpDirCharset, ProxyIOBufferSize, ProxyMatch, ProxyMaxForwards, ProxyPass, ProxyPassInterpolateEnv, ProxyPassMatch, ProxyPassReverse, ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain, ProxyPassReverseCookiePath, ProxyPreserveHost, ProxyReceiveBufferSize, ProxyRemote, ProxyRemoteMatch, ProxyRequests, ProxySet, ProxyStatus, ProxyTimeout, ProxyVia, RLimitCPU, RLimitMEM, RLimitNPROC, ReadmeName, Redirect, RedirectMatch, RedirectPermanent, RedirectTemp, RemoveCharset, RemoveEncoding, RemoveHandler, RemoveInputFilter, RemoveLanguage, RemoveOutputFilter, RemoveType, RequestHeader, Require, RewriteBase, RewriteCond, RewriteEngine, RewriteLock, RewriteLog, RewriteLogLevel, RewriteMap, RewriteOptions, RewriteRule, SSIAccessEnable, SSIEndTag, SSIErrorMsg, SSIStartTag, SSITimeFormat, SSIUndefinedEcho, SSLCACertificateFile, SSLCACertificatePath, SSLCADNRequestFile, SSLCADNRequestPath, SSLCARevocationFile, SSLCARevocationPath, SSLCertificateChainFile, SSLCertificateFile, SSLCertificateKeyFile, SSLCipherSuite, SSLCryptoDevice, SSLEngine, SSLHonorCipherOrder, SSLLog, SSLLogLevel, SSLMutex, SSLOptions, SSLPassPhraseDialog, SSLProtocol, SSLProxyCACertificateFile, SSLProxyCACertificatePath, SSLProxyCARevocationFile, SSLProxyCARevocationPath, SSLProxyCipherSuite, SSLProxyEngine, SSLProxyMachineCertificateFile, SSLProxyMachineCertificatePath, SSLProxyProtocol, SSLProxyVerify, SSLProxyVerifyDepth, SSLRandomSeed, SSLRequire, SSLRequireSSL, SSLSessionCache, SSLSessionCacheTimeout, SSLUserName, SSLVerifyClient, SSLVerifyDepth, Satisfy, ScoreBoardFile, Script, ScriptAlias, ScriptAliasMatch, ScriptInterpreterSource, ScriptLog, ScriptLogBuffer, ScriptLogLength, ScriptStock, SecureListen, SendBufferSize, ServerAdmin, ServerAlias, ServerLimit, ServerName, ServerPath, ServerRoot, ServerSignature, ServerTokens, SetEnv, SetEnvIf, SetEnvIfNoCase, SetHandler, SetInputFilter, SetOutputFilter, StartServers, StartThreads, Substitute, SuexecUserGroup, ThreadLimit, ThreadStackSize, ThreadsPerChild, TimeOut, Timeout, TraceEnable, TransferLog, TypeAuthDBMUserFile, TypesConfig, UnsetEnv, UseCanonicalName, UseCanonicalPhysicalPort, User, UserDir, VirtualDocumentRoot, VirtualDocumentRootIP, VirtualHost, VirtualScriptAlias, VirtualScriptAliasIP, Win32DisableAcceptEx, XBitHack, allow, deny, order, php_admin_flag, php_admin_value, php_flag, php_value

You can view the plugins home page, old, or view it on the wordpress.org site.

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] apache-server-status-350x164.png
[+] askapache-google-upgrade-ss1-344x350.png
[+] askapache-google-upgrade-ss2-293x350.png
[+] apache-security-model-tall1-250x123.png

An AskApache Plugin Upgrade to Rule them All originally appeared on AskApache.com

PHP and AJAX shell console

AskApache — Sun, 14 Jun 2009 01:01:15 +0000

Ever wanted to execute commands on your server through php to mimick a shell login? Now you can. I’m calling this file (see below) shell.php and it allows you to run commands on your web server with the same permissions that your php executable has.

Loading Video

PHP for `shell.php`

Substitue 1.1.1.1 for your IP address.. or see below for password authentication methods.






PHP AJAX Shell


:->

Read this

Note: The history feature works by remembering the last commands that you typed.. Access them by pressing the up or down arrows on your keyboard.

This is not an interactive session, so you cannot cd to a directory and then do stuff in that directory.. You may however be able to do stuff like /bin/bash -c "cd ../../;mv this there;ls -la;" or you could try exporting your current dir or something..

Writing shell scripts and serving them on your web server works by renaming the file.sh to file.cgi and chmodding it to 750 or +x. Also make sure you try dos2unix -dv file.cgi If you can’t get it to work..

Example shell script as cgi

#!/bin/sh
export MYBNAME=`date +%mx%dx%y-%Hx%M.tgz`
tar -czf ${HOME}/backups/${MYBNAME} ${HOME}/site1/
exit 0;

Locking Down Access to your shell.php

Thanks to the comment by Andrew Ramsden, Here are a couple ways to secure your shell.php file so that only you can run this script.

Secure your remote shell by adding this to your shell.php

Add this line to the very top of your shell.php file to make sure that only you can access this script. Everyone else sees a blank screen.

if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] !== '1.1.1.1') die();

Secure your remote shell with htaccess

This only allows access from IP 1.1.1.1 and redirects everyone else. See Using the Allow Directive in Apache htaccess for more info.

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 1.1.1.1
ErrorDocument 403 http://www.askapache.com

Secure your remote shell with mod_rewrite and htaccess

Based on the code from htaccess article This only allows access from user with IP of 1.1.1.1 and redirects everyone else.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} !^1\.1\.1\.1
RewriteRule .* http://www.askapache.com [R=302,L]

PHP and AJAX shell console originally appeared on AskApache.com

AskApache Debug Viewer Plugin for WordPress

AskApache — Mon, 06 Apr 2009 03:53:31 +0000

Screen Shots | PHP Debug Functions

The story behind this plugin is sorta wack, but in a good way :). While doing tons of security research on permissions, authorization, access, etc.. for the Password Protection plugin (still being worked on), I needed to have unheard of debugging capabilities while working on the plugin on the various websites, webhosts, and test servers that I use to test in different environments. So I hacked together a bunch of php code that helped me debug, actually I pretty much went overkill and tried to get as much debugging info as programmatically possible, and it ended up being so much code that I took it out of my Password Protection code and made it its own plugin.

I’ve been using it for several months now while working on a plugin or diagnosing some issue, and decided that I’d share it with everyone. Hopefully it will help other plugin authors and php programmers in general to start writing more robust and error-proof code, which would in turn help me! To help those not using WordPress, I’ve included most of the debugging functions below, but you’ll need the AskApacheDebug class for them to work. Hope you find it useful! I do. Download AskApache Debug Viewer

Screenshots and Debug Output

The plugin outputs the debugging info in the admin footer by hooking into the ‘in_admin_footer’ action.

PHP Debugging Functions

Ok so for those interested more in the php flavor, here are a few of the functions that produce the debugging output. I’ll start with my customized _stat function, which took a lot of research to write, but you can read that story at Chmod, Umask, Stat, Fileperms, and File Permissions.

function _stat($fl)
{
  static $ftypes = false;
  if (!$ftypes)
  {
    $this->logg(__FUNCTION__ . ':' . __LINE__);
    $ftypes = array(S_IFSOCK => 'ssocket', S_IFLNK => 'llink', S_IFREG => '-file', S_IFBLK => 'bblock', S_IFDIR => 'ddir', S_IFCHR => 'cchar', S_IFIFO => 'pfifo');
  }
 
  $s = $ss = array();
  if (($ss = stat($fl)) === false) return $this->logg(__FUNCTION__ . ':' . __LINE__ . " Couldnt stat {$fl}", 0);
  $p = $ss['mode'];
  $t = decoct($p & S_IFMT);
  $q = octdec($t);
  $type = (array_key_exists($q, $ftypes)) ? substr($ftypes[$q], 0, 1) : '?';
$s = array(
'filename' => $fl,
 
'human' => ($type .
(($p & S_IRUSR) ? 'r' : '-') . (($p & S_IWUSR) ? 'w' : '-') . (($p & S_ISUID) ? (($p & S_IXUSR) ? 's' : 'S') : (($p & S_IXUSR) ? 'x' : '-')) .
(($p & S_IRGRP) ? 'r' : '-') . (($p & S_IWGRP) ? 'w' : '-') . (($p & S_ISGID) ? (($p & S_IXGRP) ? 's' : 'S') : (($p & S_IXGRP) ? 'x' : '-')) .
(($p & S_IROTH) ? 'r' : '-') . (($p & S_IWOTH) ? 'w' : '-') . (($p & S_ISVTX) ? (($p & S_IXOTH) ? 't' : 'T') : (($p & S_IXOTH) ? 'x' : '-'))),
'octal' => sprintf("%o", ($ss['mode'] & 007777)),
'hex' => sprintf("0x%x", $ss['mode']),
'decimal' => sprintf("%d", $ss['mode']),
'binary' => sprintf("%b", $ss['mode']),
'base_convert' => base_convert($ss['mode'],10,8),
'fileperms' => fileperms($fl),
'mode' => $p,
 
'type_octal' => sprintf("%07o", $q),  'fileuid' => $ss['uid'],
 
'type' => $type,
'filegid' => $ss['gid'],
'owner_name' => $this->get_posix_info('user', $ss['uid'],
'name'),
'group_name' => $this->get_posix_info('group', $ss['gid'],
'name'),
'dirname' => dirname($fl),
'is_file' => is_file($fl) ? 1 : 0,
'is_dir' => is_dir($fl) ? 1 : 0,
'is_link' => is_link($fl) ? 1 : 0,
'is_readable' => is_readable($fl) ? 1 : 0,
'is_writable' =>
is_writable($fl) ? 1 : 0,'device' => $ss['dev'],
'device_number' => $ss['rdev'],
'inode' => $ss['ino'],
'link_count' => $ss['nlink'],
'size' => $ss['size'],
'blocks' => $ss['blocks'],
'block_size' => $ss['blksize'],
'accessed' => date('Y M D H:i:s', $ss['atime']),
'modified' => date('Y M D H:i:s', $ss['mtime']),
'created' => date('Y M D H:i:s', $ss['ctime']),
'mtime' => $ss['mtime'], 'atime' => $ss['atime'],
'ctime' => $ss['ctime'], );
  if (is_link($fl)) $s['link_to'] = readlink($fl);
  if (realpath($fl) != $fl) $s['real_filename'] = realpath($fl);
 
  return $s;
}

get_debug_functions

These are various security and user related information. Nice.

function get_debug_functions($vb=false)
{
  $functions=$oa=array();
  $functions = array(
'PHP script Process ID' => 'getmypid',
'PHP script owners UID' => 'getmyuid',
'php_sapi_name' => 'php_sapi_name',
'PHP Uname' => 'php_uname',
'Zend Version' => 'zend_version',
'PHP INI Loaded' => 'php_ini_loaded_file',
'Current Working Directory' => 'getcwd',
'Last Mod' => 'getlastmod',
'Script Inode' => 'getmyinode',
'Script GID' => 'getmygid',
'Script Owner' => 'get_current_user',
'Get Rusage' => 'getrusage',
'Error Reporting' => 'error_reporting',
'Path name of controlling terminal' => 'posix_ctermid',
'Error number set by the last posix function that failed' => 'posix_get_last_error',
'Pathname of current directory' => 'posix_getcwd',
'posix_getpid' => 'posix_getpid',
'posix_uname' => 'posix_uname',
'posix_times' =>'posix_times',
'posix_errno' => 'posix_errno',
'Effective group ID of the current process' => 'posix_getegid',
'Effective user ID of the current process' => 'posix_geteuid',
'Real group ID of the current process' => 'posix_getgid',
'Group set of the current process' => 'posix_getgroups',
'Login name' => 'posix_getlogin',
'Current process group identifier' => 'posix_getpgrp',
'Current process identifier' => 'posix_getpid',
'Parent process identifier' => 'posix_getppid',
'System Resource limits' => 'posix_getrlimit',
'Return the real user ID of the current process' => 'posix_getuid',
'Magic Quotes GPC' => 'get_magic_quotes_gpc',
'Magic Quotes Runtime' => 'get_magic_quotes_runtime', );
 
  foreach ($functions as $title => $func_name) {
    $val = '';
    if ( ( $this->checkfunction($func_name) && ($val = $func_name()) !== false) ){
      if (empty($val)) $val=$func_name;
      $oa[$title] = $val;
    }
  }
 
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_permissions

This is a function designed to get as much information about file/user/group permissions as possible.

function get_debug_permissions($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
 
  $user_info = $this->get_posix_info('user');
  $group_info = $this->get_posix_info('group');
 
$functions = array(
'Real Group ID' => posix_getgid(),
'Effective Group ID' => posix_getegid(),
'Parent Process ID' => posix_getppid(),
'Parent Process Group ID' => posix_getpgid(posix_getppid()),
'Real Process ID' => posix_getpid(),
'Real Process Group ID' => posix_getpgid(posix_getpid()),
'Process Effective User ID' => posix_geteuid(),
'Process Owner Username' => $user_info['name'],
'File Owner Username' => get_current_user(),
'User Info' => print_r($user_info, 1),
'Group Info' => print_r($group_info, 1),
'RealPath'  => realpath(__FILE__),
'SAPI Name' => (function_exists('php_sapi_name')) ? print_r(php_sapi_name(), 1) : '',
'Posix Process Owner' => print_r(posix_getpwuid(posix_geteuid()), 1),
'Scanned Ini' => (function_exists('php_ini_scanned_files')) ? str_replace("\n", "", php_ini_scanned_files()) : '',
'PHP.ini Path' => get_cfg_var('cfg_file_path'),
'Sendmail Path' => get_cfg_var('sendmail_path'),
'Info about a group by group id' => posix_getgrgid(posix_getegid()),
'Process group id for Current process' => posix_getpgid(posix_getpid()),
'Process group id for Parent process' => posix_getpgid(posix_getppid()),
'Process group id of the session leader.' => posix_getsid(posix_getpid()),
'Info about a user by username' => posix_getpwnam(get_current_user()),
'Info about a user by user id' => posix_getpwuid(posix_geteuid()),
'Apache Version' => (function_exists('apache_get_version')) ? print_r(apache_get_version(), 1) : '',
'Apache Modules' => (function_exists('apache_get_modules')) ? print_r(apache_get_modules(), 1) : '',
'PHP_LOGO_GUI' => php_logo_guid(),
'ZEND_LOGO_GUI' => zend_logo_guid()
);
 
  foreach ($functions as $title => $v) $oa[$title] = $v;
 
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_defined

This gets all the defined constants, if verbose it gets more and gets the values for each.

function get_debug_defined($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
  foreach ((array)@get_defined_constants() as $k => $v){if (!$vb && in_array($k, array('ABSPATH', 'WP_ADMIN'))) $vb = true;  if($vb)$oa[$k]=$v;}
 
  foreach (
  array('WP_TEMP_DIR', 'WP_SITEURL', 'WP_HOME', 'ABSPATH', 'WP_CONTENT_URL',
  'WP_CONTENT_DIR', 'WP_PLUGIN_DIR', 'WP_PLUGIN_URL', 'WP_LANG_DIR', 'TEMPLATEPATH',
  'STYLESHEETPATH', 'WPINC', 'COOKIEPATH', 'SITECOOKIEPATH', 'ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH',
  'PLUGINS_COOKIE_PATH', 'PHP_SAPI', 'PHP_OS', 'PHP_VERSION'
  ) as $def) if (defined($def) && $val = constant($def) && !empty($val)) $oa[$def] = $val;
 
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_inis

This function gets the values of your php ini, if verbose it gets them all and shows the currently used value instead of both the global and local.

function get_debug_inis($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
 
  foreach (array('Error Log' => 'error_log',
'Session Data Path' => 'session.save_path',
'Upload Tmp Dir' => 'upload_tm_p_dir',
'Include Path' => 'include_path',
'Memory Limit' => 'memory_limit',
'Max Execution Time' => 'max_execution_time',
'Display Errors' => 'display_errors',
'Allow url fopen' => 'allow_url_fopen',
'Disabled Functions' => 'disable_functions',
'Safe Mode' => 'safe_mode',
'Open Basedir' => 'open_basedir',
'File Uploads' => 'file_uploads',
'Max Upload Filesize' => 'upload_max_filesize',
'Max POST Size' => 'post_max_size',
'Open Basedir' => 'open_basedir') as $title => $ini_name) if (($val = '' && $val = strval(ini_get($ini_name))) !== false && !empty($val)) $oa[$title] = $val;
 
  if($vb!==false){
    foreach ((array)@ini_get_all() as $k => $v) $oa[$k] = (($v['global_value'] == $v['local_value']) ? $v['global_value'] : $v);
  }
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_phpinfo

I’m particularly proud of this function because the preg_replace was tough and the result is a perfect array of values returned by the phpinfo command.

function get_debug_phpinfo()
{
  $oa=array();
  ob_start();
  phpinfo(-1);
  $oa = preg_replace(array('#^.*(.*).*$#ms', '#PHP License
.*$#ms', '#Configuration
#', "#\r?\n#", "##", '# +<#', "#[ \t]+#", '# #', '#  +#', '# class=".*?"#', '%'%', '#(?:.*?)" src="(?:.*?)=(.*?)" alt="PHP Logo" />' . 'PHP Version (.*?)(?:\n+?)#',
    '#PHP Credits
#', '#(?:.*?)" src="(?:.*?)=(.*?)"(?:.*?)Zend Engine (.*?),(?:.*?)#', "#  +#", '##', '##'), array('$1', '', '', '', '' . "\n", '<', ' ', ' ', ' ', '', ' ', 'PHP Configuration' . "\n" . 'PHP Version$2' . "\n" . 'PHP Egg$1',
    'PHP Credits Egg$1', 'Zend Engine$2' . "\n" . 'Zend Egg$1', ' ', '%S%', '%E%'), ob_get_clean());
  $sections = explode('', strip_tags($oa, '
'));
  unset($sections[0]);
  $oa = array();
  foreach ($sections as $section)
  {
    $n = substr($section, 0, strpos($section, ''));
    preg_match_all('#%S%(?:(.*?))?(?:(.*?))?(?:(.*?))?%E%#', $section, $askapache, PREG_SET_ORDER);
    foreach ($askapache as $m) $oa[$n][$m[1]] = (!isset($m[3]) || $m[2] == $m[3]) ? $m[2] : array_slice($m, 2);
  }
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_included

Gets a list of all the files included by php, if verbose it also super-stats them.

function get_debug_included($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
  foreach((array)@get_included_files() as $k=>$v) $oa[$v]=($vb===false) ? '' : $this->_stat($v);
  return $oa;
}

get_debug_classes

Gets a list of predefined classes declared in your php instance, if verbose it gets EVERY class and also gets the methods for each.

function get_debug_classes($vb=false)
{
  $classes=$oa=array();
  $classes= ($vb!==false) ? (array)@get_declared_classes() : array('WP','WP_Error','Walker','WP_Ajax_Response','wpdb','WP_Object_Cache','WP_Query','WP_Rewrite','WP_Locale');
  foreach ($classes as $k)  $oa[$k] = @get_class_methods($k);

  return $oa;
}

get_debug_globals

This function tries to get the values of every known (past and present) global variable in php.

function get_debug_globals($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
 
  $globs =
  array(
  'GET'     => isset( $_GET )?$_GET:'',
  'POST'    => isset( $_POST )?$_POST:'',
  'COOKIE'  => isset( $_COOKIE )?$_COOKIE:'',
  'SESSION'   => isset( $_SESSION )?$_SESSION:'',
  'ENV'     => isset( $_ENV )?$_ENV:'',
  'FILES'     => isset( $_FILES )?$_FILES:'',
  'SERVER'  => isset( $_SERVER )?$_SERVER:'',
  'SERVER'  => isset( $_SERVER )?$_SERVER:'',
  'UPLOAD'  => function_exists('wp_upload_dir') ? wp_upload_dir():'',
  'REQUEST'   => isset( $_REQUEST )?$_REQUEST:'',
  'HTTP_POST_FILES'   => isset( $HTTP_POST_FILES )?$HTTP_POST_FILES:'',
  'HTTP_POST_VARS'    => isset( $HTTP_POST_VARS )?$HTTP_POST_VARS:'',
  'HTTP_SERVER_VARS'  =>  isset( $HTTP_SERVER_VARS )?$HTTP_SERVER_VARS:'',
  'HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA' => isset( $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA )?$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA:'',
  'HTTP_GET_VARS'     => isset( $HTTP_GET_VARS )?$HTTP_GET_VARS:'',
  'HTTP_COOKIE_VARS'  =>  isset( $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS )?$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS:'',
  'HTTP_ENV_VARS'     => isset( $HTTP_ENV_VARS )?$HTTP_ENV_VARS:'',
  );
  foreach ($globs as $k => $v) if (isset($v) && sizeof($v) > 0) $oa[$k] = $v;
 
  foreach (array_keys($_SERVER) as $k) if ($val = strval($_SERVER[$k]) && !empty($val)) $oa[(substr($k, 0, 5) == 'HTTP_' ? 'HTTP' : 'SERVER')][$k] = $_SERVER[$k];

  return $oa;
}

get_debug_loaded_extensions

Returns a list of all the loaded extensions in php. If verbose it also returns their functions!

function get_debug_loaded_extensions($vb=false)
{
  $oa=array();
  foreach((array)@get_loaded_extensions() as $k=>$v) $oa[$v]= ($vb===false) ? '' : (array)@get_extension_funcs($v);
  return $oa;
}

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] screenshot-1-350x306.png
[+] screenshot-2.png
[+] screenshot-3-341x350.png
[+] screenshot-4-350x170.png
[+] screenshot-5-350x285.png
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[+] screenshot-7-350x285.png
[+] screenshot-8-350x285.png
[+] screenshot-9-350x285.png
[+] screenshot-10-350x285.png

AskApache Debug Viewer Plugin for WordPress originally appeared on AskApache.com

Advanced Htaccess Demo/Example using Cookies, Headers, Rewrites

AskApache — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 03:07:53 +0000

Welcome to the first generation of the new .htaccess tutorials/articles. Basically these are articles detailing my BEST (almost) successful .htaccess experiments, meaning this is the only place on the net you’ll find this technique. It’s home-grown .htaccess, and its some kush, good kush. Instead of just publishing my cryptic results and code in days past, whoah.. a working demo and the NSA building ;)

Using the Mod_Rewrite Variables Cheatsheet makes this example, and all advanced .htaccess code easier to understand. Well, advanced for me at least. I know alot of AskApache visitors are some of the top gurus in many IT fields, but mostly web developers or website owners like me.. This demo is pretty self-explanatory.. Try it out to see how simple of a task this .htaccess trick performs. And make sure you read the whole article as this htaccess technique can be used to do a heck of a lot more than this simple demo.

Set PDF Viewing Mode

Inline

Download

Save As

Please make a selection, defaults to "Save As" mode.

View PDF using selected mode »

Whoa pretty sweet huh? Bet you’ve never seen that before! As I explain the htaccess code that achieves this, keep in mind this is merely one simple application for this code. It’s much more advanced than your basic htaccess trick, notice how this htaccess acts like a php script, very unusual.. I really wanted to share this trick after I created it for one of my clients because this is the tip of the iceberg. Another use would be to display an alternate style sheet depending on a users theme preference. The coolest thing about this example IMHO is that it uses multiple advanced .htaccess ideas in order for it to work, most htaccess code on the net is very singular. This code uses mod_headers to set the Content-Disposition header for forcing a download and uses mod_rewrite to:

Send different Content-Type headers
Check the value of a cookie
Set environment variables for use later by mod_headers header directive

What’s Going On

There are 3 different ways for a server to send a pdf file in response to a request for one. This causes 3 different ways to open/view the pdf file in the clients browser.

The browser display’s a “Save File As” dialog, allowing you to save the file or open.
The browser opens the pdf file “Inline”, opening the pdf file in the browser like a web page.
The browser “Downloads” the pdf file automatically as an “Attachment” and then causes an external pdf reader program like adobe reader to open the file.

Some people prefer to have the option of saving the file to view later, some prefer opening it with an external program, and some just like the pdf file to load right in the browser… The point is that by using .htaccess, we can let them choose any of the 3 methods and save their preference for all further pdf files requested from our site by that user.

How It Works

When you click on one of the 3 demo buttons above, “Inline”, “Save As”, or “Download”, a cookie named askapache_pdf is saved in your browser using the javascript below, with the value being set to which button you clicked. Then when you request the pdf file the .htaccess code below uses mod_rewrite to read the value of the askapache_pdf cookie, and depending on which was your preference it will send alternate HTTP Headers that control how your browser handles the file.

Htaccess Demo File

For the demo I created the folder /storage/pdf/ and this is the .htaccess file at /storage/pdf/.htaccess

#
# The default Content-Type for .pdf files
# This will make .pdf files default Content-Type header have
# the value 'application/pdf' - but the default can be overridden by
# using RewriteRule with the [T='different/type']
#
AddType application/pdf .pdf
 
#
# Turn on the rewrite engine
# if its already on you dont need this
#
RewriteEngine On
 
#
# Skip RewriteRules if not .pdf request, like autoindexing
# The next [2] RewriteRule directives are specific for .pdf files
# so if the filename requested does not end in .pdf
# then the [S=2] instructs the next 2 RewriteRule
# directives to be completely skipped
#
RewriteRule !.*\.pdf$ - [S=2]
 
#
# The first RewriteCond checks to see if the askapache_pdf cookie
# is NOT set.  The second RewriteCond checks to see if the askapche_pdf
# cookie has the value of s, which is the value corresponding to
# someone clicking the "Save As" button.
#
# The [NC,OR] flag means that if the cookie askapache_pdf does not
# exist, OR (next cond) if the askapache_pdf cookie does exist and is set to 's'
# then process the RewriteRule.  If neither cond is true the rewriterule is skipped.
#
# If one of the RewriteCond is true, then the RewriteRule is processed.
# The RewriteRule applies to any/all requests (.*) but doesn't rewrite anything (-)
# This RewriteRule sets an Apache environment variable ASKAPACHE_PDFS to have the
# value of 1 if either rewritecond is true.  The variable can be checked by any directives
# following the rewriterule in the whole htaccess file.  The ASKAPACHE_PDFS ends in S
# because if this variable exists then it means the users preference is 'Save As'
#
# Notice that if the user requested the pdf file without selecting a preference
# i.e. no cookie exists, then the ASKAPACHE_PDFS variable is still set.
# This just lets us pick the default preference for them, in this example the
# default is 'Save As'
#
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*askapache_pdf.*$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*askapache_pdf=s.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [E=ASKAPACHE_PDFS:1]
 
#
# The RewriteCond checks the askapache_pdf cookie for the value 'a'
# which 'a' represents 'Download'
#
# If the cookies value is 'a' then the RewriteRule overrides the default
# Content-Type from 'application/pdf' set with AddType earlier, to
# 'application/octet-stream', which is a special content-type that tells the browser
# that the file cannot be loaded by the browser 'Inline', but must be saved
# which will be opened by an external viewer depending on browser
#
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*askapache_pdf=a.*$
RewriteRule .* - [T=application/octet-stream]
 
#
# This is superfly.  If the cookie/users-preference was 'Save As' (s)
# then the RewriteRule above the last one set the environment
# variable ASKAPACHE_PDFS to have the value 1.  The Header directive here
# is ONLY processed in that variable ASKAPACHE_PDFS exists.  That is what
# the end 'env=ASKAPACHE_PDFS' does, it is the condition that must be met or
# the Header directive is skipped.
#
# If the ASKAPACHE_PDFS environment variable set by RewriteRule does exist
# then the header directive adds the header 'Content-Disposition: attachment' to
# the normal Response Headers.  The 'Content-Disposition: attachment' header
# instructs your browser to present you with the 'Save As' dialog box
# allowing you to choose whether you want to save or open
#
Header set Content-Disposition "attachment" env=ASKAPACHE_PDFS

Unique HTTP Headers Returned

When it comes down to it, the following information is the 3 modes. Notice each one is different, because these headers are the only thing controlling how your browser handles the file.

Save As Mode (askapache_pdf=s)

Content-Disposition: attachment
Content-Type: application/pdf

Inline Mode (askapache_pdf=i)

Content-Type: application/pdf

Download Mode (askapache_pdf=a)

Content-Type: application/octet-stream

Javascript used by Demo

The best place for javascript is quirksmode, here is a definitive article on setting, reading, parsing, etc.. COOKIES.

  if(!gi('pdfr'))return;
  var pdfr=gi('pdfr');
  var cval=getCookie('askapache_pdf');

  if(cval=='i'){pdfr.innerHTML='Currently set to "Inline".';}
  else if(cval=='a'){pdfr.innerHTML='Currently set to "Download" mode.';}
  else if(cval=='s'){pdfr.innerHTML='Currently set to "Save As" mode.';}
 
  addMyEvent(gi('pdfi'),"mousedown",function(){setCookie("askapache_pdf", "i", "", "/", "www.askapache.com"); gi('pdfr').innerHTML = 'Changed mode to "Inline".'; return false; });
  addMyEvent(gi('pdfa'),"mousedown",function(){setCookie("askapache_pdf", "a", "", "/", "www.askapache.com"); gi('pdfr').innerHTML = 'Changed mode to "Download".'; return false; });
  addMyEvent(gi('pdfs'),"mousedown",function(){setCookie("askapache_pdf", "s", "", "/", "www.askapache.com"); gi('pdfr').innerHTML = 'Changed mode to "Save As".'; return false; });

Alternative Method – No Cookies + PHP

This is what I came up with first for my client, and then while programming the php I noticed.. Hey! I think I can do the same thing using .htaccess, which would save me on cpu/memory/potential security/etc.. but this works great too. Though you will need to hack the code to get it working probably..

Note that the .htaccess rewrite code I used here used FILENAME-i.pdf or FILENAME-s.pdf to pass the preference to the pdf-dl.php script, it also worked for FILENAME.pdf?i=i

pdf-dl.php

if (
!isset($_GET['file'])
|| ($f=$_GET['file'])===false
|| ($fp=@fopen($f,"rb"))===false
|| ($fi=pathinfo($f))===false
|| ($fi['fsize']=filesize($f))===false
|| strtolower($fi["extension"])!='pdf'
) die('Failed');

ob_start();
header('Accept-Ranges: bytes');
header("Content-Length: {$fi['fsize']}");
header('Content-Type: application/pdf');
if(!isset($_GET['i'])) header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"{$fi['basename']}\"");

$sent = 0;
while ( !feof($fp) && $sent < $fi['fsize'] && ($buf = fread($fp, 8192)) != '' ){
echo $buf;
$sent += strlen($buf);
flush();
ob_flush();
}
fclose($fp);
exit;
?>

Alternate Method .htaccess

#
# Deny direct request to pdf-dl.php file
#
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^.*pdf-dl\.php.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
 
#
# Handle PDF files named anything-i.pdf as inline
#
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ([^/]*)-i\.pdf$  /cgi-bin/pdf-dl.php?i=i&file=%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/storage/pdf/$1.pdf [L,NC,QSA,S=1]
 
#
# Handle PDF files without -i.pdf as attachments
#
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ([^/]*)\.pdf$  /cgi-bin/pdf-dl.php?file=%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/storage/pdf/$1.pdf [L,NC,QSA]

More Info

The following is more information about the Content-Dispositon header and related headers, and will make you an expert at this if you read it all.. (no thanks)

Interesting Reading

Here is the thread of the original draft proposal for the Content-Disposition header.

Content-Disposition Header, Rens Troost - 22 Jun 1993
- Re: Content-Disposition Header, Nathaniel Borenstein
  - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Gabe Beged-Dov
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Rens Troost
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Gabe Beged-Dov
    - Content-Disposition Header and multipart/alternative, Rens Troost
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header and multipart/alternative, Nathaniel Borenstein
  - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Keith Moore
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Nathaniel Borenstein
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Ed Levinson (Contractor)
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Keith Moore
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Rens Troost
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Harald Tveit Alvestrand
  - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Steve Dorner
    - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Rens Troost
      - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Keith Moore
  - Re: Content-Disposition Header, Carlyn M. Lowery

Intense Reading

Advanced Htaccess Demo/Example using Cookies, Headers, Rewrites originally appeared on AskApache.com

Htaccess SEO Trends by Google

AskApache — Sun, 29 Mar 2009 06:10:03 +0000

How Relevant Is .htaccess?

Scale is based on the average worldwide traffic of htaccess in all years.

.htaccess vs. htaccess

htaccess vs. httpd.conf

mod_rewrite vs. mod_security

Web Server Comparisons

Of course IIS is well-known to someone like me… but who cares about the big servers when small, light, super-fast servers are on the rise? See this Comparison of Web Servers.

Apache HTTP vs. Windows IIS

Fnord, Nginx, LightHttpd

Fnord what is going on?

Web Programming Comparisons

An interesting look at the search engine trends of programming languages out there today…

Did Ruby Pass Perl!

Keep in mind that Google may be interpreting “ruby” to be a precious stone… and what is a “perl” exactly? ;)

Perl vs. PHP, Old Debate

SEO

Wow. Big surpise there ;)

Treo vs. Blackberry vs. Palm

I love my Blackberry Curve! I used to love my Sony Clie, and I won’t forget my many Palms!

AskApache WebSite

Google Trends also lets you compare websites, I can’t believe its been over a year for askapache.com, thanks for stopping by!

Google Trends – Rocks!

Fun, free, and helpful tool from who else?

High Resolution Press Images:

Htaccess SEO Trends by Google originally appeared on AskApache.com

Advanced Htaccess – SSI, ErrorDocuments, DirectoryIndexing SEO

AskApache — Mon, 09 Mar 2009 08:02:02 +0000

SSI, Server Side Includes, can be very useful to webmasters and visitors alike. They are easily set up in an .htaccess file and require little to no maintaining.. the term “Set it and Forget it” applies here. Before we look at how to implement SSI, and dig into the Apache module that makes them possible, lets look at few uses for SSI so you can quickly determine if you would like to read further.

Improved Directory Listings and SEO

One way that I use SSI is for improved Directory Listing. Anyone here like SEO? Check out my WordPress uploads directory to get an idea. Basically I can customize the header and footer of each directory.. Pretty sweet, thanks Apache!

In your /uploads/.htaccess

# turn on auto-indexing and turn off SSI's ability to exec
Options None
Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Indexes IncludesNOEXEC
 
# we need to make sure files are displayed when requested, not executed or parsed
AddType text/plain .ini .sh .bsh .bash .csh .var .asc .md5 .sha .sha1 .cgi .pl .php .inc .asp .exe .bin
DefaultType text/plain
 
# turn on auto-indexing, with askapache-optimized options
IndexOptions FancyIndexing SuppressColumnSorting SuppressHTMLPreamble IconHeight=22 IconWidth=20
IndexOptions IgnoreClient NameWidth=40 DescriptionWidth=* XHTML FoldersFirst
 
# don't show these files and folders
IndexIgnore .htaccess .ht* *_notes *.log feed inc HEADER.html FOOTER.html feed*.gif
 
# the SSI files used for the header and footer
HeaderName /ssi/HEADER.html
ReadmeName /ssi/FOOTER.html
 
# used to determine the time and for SSI output
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com

In your /ssi/.htaccess

# makes files ending in .html be filtered through the INCLUDES filter before being sent to client
AddOutputFilter Includes html

My HEADER.html





  <!--#echo encoding="none" var="REQUEST_URI" --> <!--#echo encoding="none" var="PAGETITLE" -->
  
  
  " />

My FOOTER.html

Find the information you are looking for on the AskApache Home page or the "> AskApache search page.

$Id: E:,v 1.30

static.askapache.com -- AskApache | Webmaster | Copyright © 2009 AskApache

Enhanced Error Pages

If you are using WordPress, I’m sure you are using my AskApache Google 404 Plugin, but whatever your error pages may be, using SSI you can make them better. My 404 Error Page is handled by WordPress and PHP, but all of my other error pages (codes 4xx to 5xx) are handled using SSI. You can check out any of them: /show-error-400, /show-error-403, /show-error-503, etc..

Notice the email note which has the subject prefilled? Thats one of the main uses for SSI, you can add forms to your errordocuments and get notified of problems which mean you can fix them.

Add this to your /.htaccess for each ErrorDocument you make.

ErrorDocument 503 /errordocs/503.html

My /errordocs/.htaccess

# turn on symlinks for rewrites and turn off SSI's ability to exec
Options None
Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNOEXEC
 
# makes files ending in .html be filtered through the INCLUDES filter before being sent to client
AddOutputFilter Includes html
 
# this internal apache variable prevents your errordocs from allowing keep-alive connections
SetEnv nokeepalive
 
# used to determine the time and for SSI output
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com

My /errordocs/503.html



The server is temporarily unable to service your
request due to maintenance downtime
or super-crazy-extreme capacity problems. Please try
again later... Or ">send me an email and let me know about it..

My /errordocs/TOP.html




  <!--#echo encoding="none" var="REQUEST_URI" --> <!--#echo encoding="none" var="TITLE" -->
  
  
  " />

My /errordocs/BOTTOM.html

If this should not be an error please ">email me right away.

You came from

If you still have a question, please try to find the information you are looking for on the AskApache Home page or the AskApache search page.

Webmaster $Id: Error-,v 1.30

Dealing with Spam and Website Attacks

Say you are using some nice .htaccess rewrite rules to block offending bots, web scrapers, and other nefarious net characters. Instead of just sending a 403 Denied, you could send them to be handled by an SSI document that could do any number of things.. From adding the offending bot’s IP address to the .htaccess Deny List (blacklisting), emailing you with an alert, emailing the IP Block Owner, executing a denial-of-service response ala guardian (script will return an artificially high Content-Length, and will then spoon-feed content bytes back to the client at a rate of one byte per second, for single-threaded or fixed-threadpool clients, this will hang all of their requests and render the attack inoperable), or just output a frightening looking message which usually does the trick if the bot is humanoid.

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\?\=?(http|ftp|ssl|https):/.*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\?\?.*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\.(asp|ini|dll).*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
 
ErrorDocument 403 /errordocs/f-off.html

Example /errordocs/f-off.html View it Live (Not Responsible for mental or physical harm caused by fright)

WARNING <!--#echo encoding="none" var="REMOTE_ADDR" -->
- SECURITY TEAM ALERTED
ATTENTION 
You have been flagged by our system as a potential threat.
This request has been logged and the Security Team has been notified.

Repeated attempts from IP address  will result 

in the IP automatically being blacklisted on this server

and sent to blacklists around the world.  Additionally, the Security Team

WILL alert the IP Address Block Owner and/or contact the authorities.


 
LOGGED INFORMATION FROM THIS REQUEST
< pre>
REMOTE_ADDR   :  
REMOTE_PORT   :  
REQUEST_METHOD:  
REFERER       :  
REQUEST_URI   :  
USER_AGENT    :
< pre style="white-space:normal;margin-left:150px;max-width:80%;">  

< pre>
COOKIES       :
< pre style="white-space:normal;margin-left:150px;max-width:80%;">  

< pre>
QUERY_STRING  :

Server Side Includes Detailed Info

Ok now that we have the real-world usage out of the way, lets dig in a bit to the actual module mod_include, which if you want you can view the source code here.

Enabling Server-Side Includes

Server Side Includes are implemented by the INCLUDES filter. For backwards compatibility, the server-parsed handler also activates the INCLUDES filter. As well, Apache will activate the INCLUDES filter for any document with mime type text/x-server-parsed-html or text/x-server-parsed-html3 (and the resulting output will have the mime type text/html). If documents containing server-side include directives are given the extension .shtml, the following directives will make Apache parse them and assign the resulting document the mime type of text/html:

AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

The following directive must be given for the directories containing the shtml files (typically in a section, but this directive is also valid in .htaccess files if AllowOverride Options is set):

Options +Includes

Server-Side Include Directives

These are the Directives allowed in .htaccess files that are handled by mod_include. Note that other modules may add additional directives, for instance the exec SSI Directive is supplied by mod_cgi. This is how mod_cgi registers with mod_include to provide processing of the exec directive. This is the code required to handle the “exec” SSI directive.

cgi_pfn_reg_with_ssi = APR_RETRIEVE_OPTIONAL_FN(ap_register_include_handler);
cgi_pfn_reg_with_ssi("exec", handle_exec);
static const char * const aszPre[] = { "mod_include.c", NULL };

config

Controls various aspects of the parsing.

echomsg: (since 2.1) The value is a message that is sent back to the client if the echo element attempts to echo an undefined variable. This overrides any SSIUndefinedEcho directives.
errmsg: The value is a message that is sent back to the client if an error occurs while parsing the document. This overrides any SSIErrorMsg directives.
sizefmt: The value sets the format to be used which displaying the size of a file. Valid values are bytes for a count in bytes, or abbrev for a count in Kb or Mb as appropriate, for example a size of 1024 bytes will be printed as “1K”.
timefmt: The value is a string to be used by the strftime(3) library routine when printing dates.

echo

Prints one of the include variables. If the variable is unset, the result is determined by the SSIUndefinedEcho directive.

var: The value is the name of the variable to print.
encoding: Specifies how Apache should encode special characters contained in the variable before outputting them. If set to none, no encoding will be done. If set to url, then URL encoding (also known as %-encoding; this is appropriate for use within URLs in links, etc.) will be performed. The default is set to entity, resulting in entity encoding.

exec

Execute external programs

include

Include a file

printenv

Print all available variables

set

Set a value of a variable.

flastmod

Prints the last modification date of the specified file, subject to the timefmt format specification.

fsize

Prints the size of the specified file, subject to the sizefmt format specification.

if

The if element works like an if statement in a programming language. The test condition is evaluated and if the result is true, then the text until the next elif, else or endif element is included in the output stream.

elif

Used to put text into the output stream if the original test_condition was false.

else

Used to put text into the output stream if the original test_condition was false.

endif

Ends the if element and is required.

.htaccess directives

XBitHack
SSIErrorMsg
SSITimeFormat
SSIStartTag
SSIEndTag
SSIUndefinedEcho
SSIAccessEnable

mod_include Default SSI Values

START_SEQUENCE: – The ending tag for mod_include to recognize and parse as SSI.
ERROR_MSG: [an error occurred while processing this directive] – On Errors parsing SSI.
TIME_FORMAT: %A, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S %Z – Default Time format for DATE
UNDEFINED_ECHO: (none) – When echoing an undefined variable.

SSI Variables

DATE_GMT=Sun Mar  8 22:58:56 2009
DATE_LOCAL=Sun Mar  8 15:58:56 2009
DOCUMENT_NAME=FOOTER.html
DOCUMENT_ROOT=/root-srv/protected/askapache.com/sec
DOCUMENT_URI=/includes/FOOTER.html
GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1
HTTP_ACCEPT=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING=gzip,deflate
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE=en-us,en;q=0.5
HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL=max-age=0
HTTP_CONNECTION=keep-alive
HTTP_COOKIE=__qca=12298910-686528-46510;  __utmb=50625.1.0.11311
HTTP_HOST=www.askapache.com
HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE=300
HTTP_REFERER=http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/htaccess.html
HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.6) Gecko/2009011913 Firefox/3.0.6 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
LAST_MODIFIED=Sun Mar  8 14:53:50 2009
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
QUERY_STRING=
REMOTE_ADDR=24.123.215.60
REMOTE_PORT=4785
REQUEST_METHOD=GET
REQUEST_URI=/htaccess/
SCRIPT_FILENAME=/root-srv/protected/askapache.com/sec/includes/FOOTER.html
SCRIPT_NAME=/includes/FOOTER.html
SCRIPT_URI=http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/
SCRIPT_URL=/htaccess/
SERVER_ADDR=64.111.114.111
SERVER_ADMIN=webmaster@askapache.com
SERVER_NAME=www.askapache.com
SERVER_PORT=80
SERVER_PROTOCOL=INCLUDED
SERVER_SIGNATURE=
SERVER_SOFTWARE=Apache/2.0.61 (Unix) PHP/4.4.7 mod_ssl/2.0.63 OpenSSL/0.9.7e mod_fastcgi/2.4.2 DAV/2 SVN/1.4.2
UNIQUE_ID=dnbtH0Bvcm8A2ZHqcAAAAM
USER_NAME=

More SSI Information

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] htaccess-directory-index-116x76.png
[+] example-errordocument-116x67.png
[+] htaccess-f-off-350x273.png

Advanced Htaccess – SSI, ErrorDocuments, DirectoryIndexing SEO originally appeared on AskApache.com

The Ultimate Htaccess

AskApache — Sat, 10 Jan 2009 13:05:32 +0000

.htaccess is a very ancient configuration file that controls the Web Server running your website, and is one of the most powerful configuration files you will ever come across. Htaccess is sometimes called: “HyperText Access” because of its ability to control access of the WWW‘s HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) using Password Protection, 301 Redirects, and much much more. This is because this configuration file was coded in the earliest days of the web (HTTP), for one of the first Web Servers built for HTTP. Eventually these Web Servers (configured with htaccess) became known as the World Wide Web, and eventually grew into the Internet we know today.

This is not an introduction to .htaccess… This is the evolution of the best of the best .htaccess on the planet. Its changed over the years with more and better .htaccess tricks using real .htaccess example code. I add my favorite htaccess-related links and sites, results from my htaccess research, and frequently update this article.

You’ve come to the right place if you are looking to acquire mad skills for using .htaccess files.

Originally (2003) this guide was known in certain hacker circles and hidden corners of the net as an ultimate .htaccess due to the powerful htaccess tricks and tips to bypass security on a webhost, and also because many of the tricks and examples were pretty impressive back then in that group.

AskApache Htaccess Journey

Skip this – still under edit

I discovered these tips and tricks mostly while working as a network security penetration specialist hired to find security holes in web hosting environments. Shared hosting is the most common and cheapest form of web-hosting where multiple customers are placed on a single machine and “share” the resources (CPU/RAM/SPACE). The machines are configured to basically ONLY do HTTP and FTP. No shells or any interactive logins, no ssh, just FTP access. That is when I started examining htaccess files in great detail and learned about the incredible untapped power of htaccess. For 99% of the worlds best Apache admins, they don’t use .htaccess much, if AT ALL. It’s much easier, safer, and faster to configure Apache using the httpd.conf file instead. However, this file is almost never readable on shared-hosts, and I’ve never seen it writable. So the only avenue left for those on shared-hosting was and is the .htaccess file, and holy freaking fiber-optics.. it’s almost as powerful as httpd.conf itself!

Most all .htaccess code works in the httpd.conf file, but not all httpd.conf code works in .htaccess files, around 50%. So all the best Apache admins and programmers never used .htaccess files. There was no incentive for those with access to httpd.conf to use htaccess, and the gap grew. It’s common to see “computer gurus” on forums and mailing lists rail against all uses and users of .htaccess files, smugly announcing the well known problems with .htaccess files compared with httpd.conf – I wonder if these “gurus” know the history of the htaccess file, like it’s use in the earliest versions of the HTTP Server- NCSA’s HTTPd, which BTW, became known as Apache HTTP. So you could easily say that htaccess files predates Apache itself.

Once I discovered what .htaccess files could do towards helping me enumerate and exploit security vulnerabilities even on big shared-hosts I focused all my research into .htaccess files, meaning I was reading the venerable Apache HTTP Source code 24/7! I compiled every released version of the Apache Web Server, ever, even NCSA’s, and focused on enumerating the most powerful htaccess directives. Good times! Because my focus was on protocol/file/network vulnerabilites instead of web dev I built up a nice toolbox of htaccess tricks to do unusual things. When I switched over to webdev in 2005 I started using htaccess for websites, not research. I documented most of my favorites and rewrote the htaccess guide for webdevelopers. After some great encouragement on various forums and nets I decided to start a blog to share my work with everyone, AskApache.com was registered, I published my guide, and it was quickly plagiarized and scraped all over the net. Information is freedom, and freedom is information, so this blog has the least restrictive copyright for you. Feel free to modify, copy, republish, sell, or use anything on this site ;)

Evolution of Htaccess
Server Config (httpd.conf) Examples
Example .htaccess Files
Example .htaccess Code Snippets
NEW: Advanced Mod_Rewrite Tricks
Best AskApache .htaccess Articles
Favorite .htaccess Links
Master List of .htaccess Directives
Htaccess Modules List

Htaccess – Evolved

The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) was initiated at the CERN in Geneve (Switzerland), where it emerged (together with the HTML presentation language) from the need to exchange scientific information on a computer network in a simple manner. The first public HTTP implementation only allowed for plain text information, and almost instantaneously became a replacement of the GOPHER service. One of the first text-based browsers was LYNX which still exists today; a graphical HTTP client appeared very quickly with the name NCSA Mosaic. Mosaic was a popular browser back in 1994. Soon the need for a more rich multimedia experience was born, and the markup language provided support for a growing multitude of media types.

Htaccess file know-how will do several things for you:

Make your website noticeably faster.
Allow you to debug your server with ease.
Make your life easier and more rewarding.
Allow you to work faster and more productively.

What Is .htaccess

Specifically, .htaccess is the default file name of a special configuration file that provides a number of directives (commands) for controlling and configuring the Apache Web Server, and also to control and configure modules that can be built into the Apache installation, or included at run-time like mod_rewrite (for htaccess rewrite), mod_alias (for htaccess redirects), and mod_ssl (for controlling SSL connections).

Htaccess allows for decentralized management of Web Server configurations which makes life very easy for web hosting companies and especially their savvy consumers. They set up and run “server farms” where many hundreds and thousands of web hosting customers are all put on the same Apache Server. This type of hosting is called “virtual hosting” and without .htaccess files would mean that every customer must use the same exact settings as everyone else on their segment. So that is why any half-decent web host allows/enables (DreamHost, Powweb, MediaTemple, GoDaddy) .htaccess files, though few people are aware of it. Let’s just say that if I was a customer on your server-farm, and .htaccess files were enabled, my websites would be a LOT faster than yours, as these configuration files allow you to fully take advantage of and utilize the resources allotted to you by your host. If even 1/10 of the sites on a server-farm took advantage of what they are paying for, the providers would go out of business.

One of the design goals for this server was to maintain external compatibility with the NCSA 1.3 server — that is, to read the same configuration files, to process all the directives therein correctly, and in general to be a drop-in replacement for NCSA. On the other hand, another design goal was to move as much of the server’s functionality into modules which have as little as possible to do with the monolithic server core. The only way to reconcile these goals is to move the handling of most commands from the central server into the modules.

However, just giving the modules command tables is not enough to divorce them completely from the server core. The server has to remember the commands in order to act on them later. That involves maintaining data which is private to the modules, and which can be either per-server, or per-directory. Most things are per-directory, including in particular access control and authorization information, but also information on how to determine file types from suffixes, which can be modified by AddType and DefaultType directives, and so forth. In general, the governing philosophy is that anything which can be made configurable by directory should be; per-server information is generally used in the standard set of modules for information like Aliases and Redirects which come into play before the request is tied to a particular place in the underlying file system.

Another requirement for emulating the NCSA server is being able to handle the per-directory configuration files, generally called .htaccess files, though even in the NCSA server they can contain directives which have nothing at all to do with access control. Accordingly, after URI -> filename translation, but before performing any other phase, the server walks down the directory hierarchy of the underlying filesystem, following the translated pathname, to read any .htaccess files which might be present. The information which is read in then has to be merged with the applicable information from the server’s own config files (either from the sections in access.conf, or from defaults in srm.conf, which actually behaves for most purposes almost exactly like ).

Finally, after having served a request which involved reading .htaccess files, we need to discard the storage allocated for handling them. That is solved the same way it is solved wherever else similar problems come up, by tying those structures to the per-transaction resource pool.

Creating Htaccess Files

Htaccess files use the default filename “.htaccess” but any unix-style file name can be specified from the main server config using the AccessFileName directive. The file isn’t .htaccess.txt, its literally just named .htaccess.

In a Windows Environment like the one I use for work, you can change how Windows opens and views .htaccess files by modifying the Folder Options in explorer. As you can see, on my computer files ending in .htaccess are recognized as having the HTACCESS extension and are handled/opened by Adobe Dreamweaver CS4.

Htaccess Scope

Unlike the main server configuration files like httpd.conf, Htaccess files are read on every request therefore changes in these files take immediate effect. Apache searches all directories and subdirectories that are htaccess-enabled for an .htaccess file which results in performance loss due to file accesses. I’ve never noticed a performance loss but OTOH, I know how to use them. If you do have access to your main server configuration file, you should of course use that instead, and lucky for you ALL the .htaccess tricks and examples can be used there as well (just not vice versa).

Htaccess File Syntax

Htaccess files follow the same syntax as the main Apache configuration files, for powerusers here’s an apache.vim for VI. The one main difference is the context of the directive, which means whether or not that directive is ALLOWED to be used inside of an .htaccess file. Htaccess files are incredibly powerful, and can also be very dangerous as some directives allowed in the main configuration files would allow users/customers to completely bypass security/bandwidth-limits/resource-limits/file-permissions, etc.. About 1/4 of all Apache directives cannot be used inside an .htaccess file (also known as a per-directory context config). The Apache Developers are well-regarded throughout the world as being among some of the best programmers, ever. To enable a disallowed directive inside a .htaccess file would require modifying the source code and re-compiling the server (which they allow and encourage if you are the owner/admin). Here’s a taste of that famous Apache source code that builds the directives allowed in .htaccess file context, the key that tells whether its enabled in .htaccess context is the DIR_CMD_PERMS and then the OR_FILEINFO, which means a directive is enabled dependent on the AllowOverride directive that is only allowed in the main config. First Apache 1.3.0, then Apache 2.2.10

mod_autoindex

AddIcon, add_icon, BY_PATH, DIR_CMD_PERMS, an icon URL followed by one or more filenames
AddIconByType, add_icon, BY_TYPE, DIR_CMD_PERMS, an icon URL followed by one or more MIME types
AddIconByEncoding, add_icon, BY_ENCODING, DIR_CMD_PERMS, an icon URL followed by one or more content encodings
AddAlt, add_alt, BY_PATH, DIR_CMD_PERMS, alternate descriptive text followed by one or more filenames
AddAltByType, add_alt, BY_TYPE, DIR_CMD_PERMS, alternate descriptive text followed by one or more MIME types
AddAltByEncoding, add_alt, BY_ENCODING, DIR_CMD_PERMS, alternate descriptive text followed by one or more content encodings
IndexOptions, add_opts, DIR_CMD_PERMS, RAW_ARGS, one or more index options
IndexIgnore, add_ignore, DIR_CMD_PERMS, ITERATE, one or more file extensions
AddDescription, add_desc, BY_PATH, DIR_CMD_PERMS, Descriptive text followed by one or more filenames
HeaderName, add_header, DIR_CMD_PERMS, TAKE1, a filename
ReadmeName, add_readme, DIR_CMD_PERMS, TAKE1, a filename
FancyIndexing, fancy_indexing, DIR_CMD_PERMS, FLAG, Limited to 'on' or 'off' (superseded by IndexOptions FancyIndexing)
DefaultIcon, ap_set_string_slot, (void *) XtOffsetOf(autoindex_config_rec, default_icon), DIR_CMD_PERMS, TAKE1, an icon URL

mod_rewrite

// mod_rewrite
RewriteEngine, cmd_rewriteengine, OR_FILEINFO, On or Off to enable or disable (default)
RewriteOptions, cmd_rewriteoptions, OR_FILEINFO, List of option strings to set
RewriteBase, cmd_rewritebase, OR_FILEINFO, the base URL of the per-directory context
RewriteCond, cmd_rewritecond, OR_FILEINFO, an input string and a to be applied regexp-pattern
RewriteRule, cmd_rewriterule, OR_FILEINFO, an URL-applied regexp-pattern and a substitution URL
RewriteMap, cmd_rewritemap, RSRC_CONF, a mapname and a filename
RewriteLock, cmd_rewritelock, RSRC_CONF, the filename of a lockfile used for inter-process synchronization
RewriteLog, cmd_rewritelog, RSRC_CONF, the filename of the rewriting logfile
RewriteLogLevel, cmd_rewriteloglevel, RSRC_CONF, the level of the rewriting logfile verbosity (0=none, 1=std, .., 9=max)
RewriteLog, fake_rewritelog, RSRC_CONF, [DISABLED] the filename of the rewriting logfile
RewriteLogLevel, fake_rewritelog, RSRC_CONF, [DISABLED] the level of the rewriting logfile verbosity

Htaccess Directives

Don’t ask why, but I personally downloaded each major/beta release of the Apache HTTPD source code from version 1.3.0 to version 2.2.10 (all 63 Apache versions!), then I configured and compiled each version for a custom HTTPD installation built from source. This allowed me to find every directive allowed in .htaccess files for each particular version, which has never been done before, or since. YES! I think that is so cool..

An .htaccess directive is basically a command that is specific to a module or builtin to the core that performs a specific task or sets a specific setting for how Apache serves your WebSite. Directives placed in Htaccess files apply to the directory they are in, and all sub-directories. Here’s the 3 top links (official Apache Docs) you will repeatedly use, bookmark/print/save them.

Litespeed .htaccess support

Unlike other lightweight web servers, Apache compatible per-directory configuration overridden is fully supported by LiteSpeed Web Server. With .htacess you can change configurations for any directory under document root on-the-fly, which in most cases is a mandatory feature in shared hosting environment. It is worth noting that enabling .htaccess support in LiteSpeed Web Server will not degrade server’s performance, comparing to Apache’s 40% drop in performance.

Main Server Config Examples

Now lets take a look at some htaccess examples to get a feel for the syntax and some general ideas at the capabilities. Some of the best examples for .htaccess files are included with Apache for main server config files, so lets take a quick look at a couple of them on our way down to the actual .htaccess examples further down the page (this site has thousands, take your time). As you can see, the basic syntax is a line starting with # is a comment, everything else are directives followed by the directive argument.

httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf: The configuration below implements multi-language error documents through content-negotiation

Options IncludesNoExec
AddOutputFilter Includes html
AddHandler type-map var
LanguagePriority en cs de es fr it ja ko nl pl pt-br ro sv tr
ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var
ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var
ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var

httpd-manual.conf: Provide local access to the server documentation on your server

SetEnvIf Request_URI ^/manual/(de|en|es|fr|ja|ko|pt-br|ru|tr)/ prefer-language=$1
RedirectMatch 301 ^/manual(?:/(de|en|es|fr|ja|ko|pt-br|ru|tr)){2, }(/.*)?$ /manual/$1$2
LanguagePriority en de es fr ja ko pt-br ru tr
ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback

httpd-languages.conf: Settings for hosting different languages.

DefaultLanguage en
AddLanguage ca .ca
# Just list the languages in decreasing order of preference.
LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv tr zh-CN zh-TW
# Commonly used filename extensions to character sets.
AddCharset us-ascii.ascii .us-ascii
AddCharset ISO-8859-1  .iso8859-1  .latin1

httpd-autoindex.conf: Directives controlling the display of server-generated directory listings.

# IndexOptions: Controls the appearance of server-generated directory listings.
IndexOptions FancyIndexing HTMLTable VersionSort
# AddIcon* directives tell the server which icon to show for different files or filename extensions.
AddIconByEncoding (CMP, /icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip
AddIconByType (TXT, /icons/text.gif) text/*
AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
# DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon explicitly set.
DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif
# AddDescription allows you to place a short description after a file in server-generated indexes.
AddDescription "GZIP compressed document" .gz
# ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by default, and append to directory listings.
ReadmeName README.html
# HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to directory indexes.
HeaderName HEADER.html

Here are the rest of them if you wanna take a look. (httpd-mpm.conf, httpd-default.conf, httpd-ssl.conf, httpd-info.conf, httpd-vhosts.conf, httpd-dav.conf)

Example .htaccess Files

Here are some samples and examples taken from different .htaccess files I’ve used over the years. Specific solutions are farther down on this page and throughout the site.

# Set the Time Zone of your Server
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
# ServerAdmin:  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such as error documents.
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", or any combination of:
#  Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
Options -ExecCGI -MultiViews -Includes -Indexes FollowSymLinks
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory is requested.
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php /index.php
#
# Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever
# a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL
# pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors.
# Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location
# Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location
#
Action php5-cgi /bin/php.cgi
#
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddHandler php-cgi .php .inc
# Commonly used filename extensions to character sets.
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
AddType 'application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8' .rdf
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml
AddType 'application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8' .xhtml.gz
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' .html.gz
AddType application/octet-stream .rar .chm .bz2 .tgz .msi .pdf .exe
AddType application/vnd.ms-excel .csv
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
AddType application/x-pilot .prc .pdb
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf
AddType application/xrds+xml .xrdf
AddType text/plain .ini .sh .bsh .bash .awk .nawk .gawk .csh .var .c .in .h .asc .md5 .sha .sha1
AddType video/x-flv .flv
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
AddEncoding x-compress .Z
AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document.
DefaultType text/html
#
# Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host
# name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory
# listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated
# documents or custom error documents).
# Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.
# Set to one of:  On | Off | EMail
#
ServerSignature Off

## MAIN DEFAULTS
Options +ExecCGI -Indexes
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
DefaultLanguage en-US
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
ServerSignature Off
## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
SetEnv PHPRC /webroot/includes
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
 
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com
## MIME TYPES
AddType video/x-flv .flv
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf
AddType image/x-icon .ico
## FORCE FILE TO DOWNLOAD INSTEAD OF APPEAR IN BROWSER
# http://www.htaccesselite.com/addtype-addhandler-action-vf6.html
AddType application/octet-stream .mov .mp3 .zip
## ERRORDOCUMENTS
# http://askapache.com/htaccess/apache-status-code-headers-errordocument.html
ErrorDocument 400 /e400/
ErrorDocument 401 /e401/
ErrorDocument 402 /e402/
ErrorDocument 403 /e403/
ErrorDocument 404 /e404/
#
# Handlers be builtin, included in a module, or added with Action directive
# default-handler: default, handles static content (core)
#   send-as-is: Send file with HTTP headers (mod_asis)
#   cgi-script: treat file as CGI script (mod_cgi)
#    imap-file: Parse as an imagemap rule file (mod_imap)
#   server-info: Get server config info (mod_info)
#  server-status: Get server status report (mod_status)
#    type-map: type map file for content negotiation (mod_negotiation)
#  fastcgi-script: treat file as fastcgi script (mod_fastcgi)
#
# http://www.askapache.com/php/custom-phpini-tips-and-tricks.html
## PARSE AS CGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .spl
## RUN PHP AS APACHE MODULE
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php .htm
## RUN PHP AS CGI
AddHandler php-cgi .php .htm
## CGI PHP WRAPPER FOR CUSTOM PHP.INI
AddHandler phpini-cgi .php .htm
Action phpini-cgi /cgi-bin/php5-custom-ini.cgi
## FAST-CGI SETUP WITH PHP-CGI WRAPPER FOR CUSTOM PHP.INI
AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi
AddHandler php-cgi .php .htm
Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php5-wrapper.fcgi
## CUSTOM PHP CGI BINARY SETUP
AddHandler php-cgi .php .htm
Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php.cgi
## PROCESS SPECIFIC FILETYPES WITH CGI-SCRIPT
Action image/gif /cgi-bin/img-create.cgi
## CREATE CUSTOM HANDLER FOR SPECIFIC FILE EXTENSIONS
AddHandler custom-processor .ssp
Action custom-processor /cgi-bin/myprocessor.cgi
### HEADER CACHING
# http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/speed-up-sites-with-htaccess-caching.html

Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000"


Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800"


Header set Cache-Control "max-age=600"


Header unset Cache-Control

## ALTERNATE EXPIRES CACHING
# htaccesselite.com/d/use-htaccess-to-speed-up-your-site-discussion-vt67.html
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault A604800
ExpiresByType image/x-icon A2592000
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript A2592000
ExpiresByType text/css A2592000
ExpiresByType text/html A300

ExpiresActive Off

## META HTTP-EQUIV REPLACEMENTS

Header set imagetoolbar "no"

Here are some default MOD_REWRITE code examples.

## REWRITE DEFAULTS
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
## REQUIRE SUBDOMAIN
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^subdomain\.askapache\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://subdomain.askapache.com/$1 [L,R=301]
## SEO REWRITES
RewriteRule ^(.*)/ve/(.*)$ $1/voluntary-employee/$2 [L,R=301]
RewriteRule ^(.*)/hsa/(.*)$ $1/health-saving-account/$2 [L,R=301]
## WORDPRESS
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f  # Existing File
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d  # Existing Directory
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
## ALTERNATIVE ANTI-HOTLINKING
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(subdomain\.)?askapache.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*\.(bmp|tif|gif|jpg|jpeg|jpe|png)$ - [F]
## REDIRECT HOTLINKERS
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(subdomain\.)?askapache.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*\.(bmp|tif|gif|jpg|jpeg|jpe|png)$ http://google.com [R]
## DENY REQUEST BASED ON REQUEST METHOD
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK|OPTIONS|HEAD)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F]
## REDIRECT UPLOADS
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(PUT|POST)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /cgi-bin/form-upload-processor.cgi?p=$1 [L,QSA]
## REQUIRE SSL EVEN WHEN MOD_SSL IS NOT LOADED
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [R,L]
### ALTERNATATIVE TO USING ERRORDOCUMENT
# http://www.htaccesselite.com/d/htaccess-errordocument-examples-vt11.html
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.*$ /error.php [L]
## SEO REDIRECTS
Redirect 301 /2006/oldfile.html http://subdomain.askapache.com/newfile.html
RedirectMatch 301 /o/(.*)$ http://subdomain.askapache.com/s/dl/$1

Examples of protecting your files and securing with password protection.

#
# Require (user|group|valid-user) (username|groupname)
#
## BASIC PASSWORD PROTECTION
AuthType basic
AuthName "prompt"
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
Require valid-user
## ALLOW FROM IP OR VALID PASSWORD
Require valid-user
Allow from 192.168.1.23
Satisfy Any
## PROTECT FILES

Order Allow,Deny
Deny from all

## PREVENT HOTLINKING
SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://subdomain.askapache.com/" good
SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" good

Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from env=good
ErrorDocument 403 http://www.google.com/intl/en_ALL/images/logo.gif
ErrorDocument 403 /images/you_bad_hotlinker.gif

## LIMIT UPLOAD FILE SIZE TO PROTECT AGAINST DOS ATTACK
#bytes, 0-2147483647(2GB)
LimitRequestBody 10240000
## MOST SECURE WAY TO REQUIRE SSL
# http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html
SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} eq "askapache.com"
ErrorDocument 403 https://askapache.com
## COMBINED DEVELOPER HTACCESS CODE-USE THIS

Header set Cache-Control "max-age=5"

AuthType basic
AuthName "Ooops! Temporarily Under Construction..."
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
Require valid-user      # password prompt for everyone else
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 192.168.64.5   # Your, the developers IP address
Allow from w3.org      # css/xhtml check jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
Allow from googlebot.com   # Allows google to crawl your pages
Satisfy Any        # no password required if host/ip is Allowed
## DONT HAVE TO EMPTY CACHE OR RELOAD TO SEE CHANGES
ExpiresDefault A5 #If using mod_expires

Header set Cache-Control "max-age=5"

## ALLOW ACCESS WITH PASSWORD OR NO PASSWORD FOR SPECIFIC IP/HOSTS
AuthType basic
AuthName "Ooops! Temporarily Under Construction..."
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
Require valid-user      # password prompt for everyone else
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 192.168.64.5   # Your, the developers IP address
Allow from w3.org      # css/xhtml check jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
Allow from googlebot.com   # Allows google to crawl your pages
Satisfy Any        # no password required if host/ip is Allowed

Example .htaccess Code Snippets

Here are some specific examples, this is the most popular section of this page. Updated frequently.

Redirect Everyone Except IP address to alternate page

ErrorDocument 403 http://www.yahoo.com/
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 208.113.134.190

When developing sites

This lets google crawl the page, lets me access without a password, and lets my client access the page WITH a password. It also allows for XHTML and CSS validation! (w3.org)

AuthName "Under Development"
AuthUserFile /home/sitename.com/.htpasswd
AuthType basic
Require valid-user
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 208.113.134.190 w3.org htmlhelp.com googlebot.com
Satisfy Any

Fix double-login prompt

Redirect non-https requests to https server and ensure that .htpasswd authorization can only be entered across HTTPS

SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} eq "askapache.com"
ErrorDocument 403 https://askapache.com

Set Timezone of the Server (GMT)

SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis

Administrator Email for ErrorDocument

SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@google.com

`ServerSignature` for `ErrorDocument`

ServerSignature off | on | email

Charset and Language headers

Article: Setting Charset in htaccess, and article by Richard Ishida

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
DefaultLanguage en-US

Disallow Script Execution

Options -ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .php .pl .py .jsp .asp .htm .shtml .sh .cgi

Deny Request Methods

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} !^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|POST|PUT)
RewriteRule .* - [F]

Force “File Save As” Prompt

AddType application/octet-stream .avi .mpg .mov .pdf .xls .mp4

Show CGI Source Code

RemoveHandler cgi-script .pl .py .cgi
AddType text/plain .pl .py .cgi

Serve all .pdf files on your site using .htaccess and mod_rewrite with the php script.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^(.+)\.pdf$  /cgi-bin/pdf.php?file=$1 [L,NC,QSA]

Rewrite to www

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(robots\.txt|favicon\.ico|sitemap\.xml)$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.askapache\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.askapache.com/$1 [R=301,L]

Rewrite to www dynamically

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/robots\.txt$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.[a-z-]+\.[a-z]{2,6} [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ([a-z-]+\.[a-z]{2,6})$   [NC]
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

301 Redirect Old File

Redirect 301 /old/file.html http://www.askapache.com/new/file.html

301 Redirect Entire Directory

RedirectMatch 301 /blog(.*) http://www.askapache.com/$1

Protecting your php.cgi


Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from env=REDIRECT_STATUS

Set Cookie based on Request

This code sends the Set-Cookie header to create a cookie on the client with the value of a matching item in 2nd parantheses.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^(.*)(de|es|fr|it|ja|ru|en)/$ - [co=lang:$2:.askapache.com:7200:/]

Set Cookie with env variable

Header set Set-Cookie "language=%{lang}e; path=/;" env=lang

Custom ErrorDocuments

ErrorDocument 100 /100_CONTINUE
ErrorDocument 101 /101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS
ErrorDocument 102 /102_PROCESSING
ErrorDocument 200 /200_OK
ErrorDocument 201 /201_CREATED
ErrorDocument 202 /202_ACCEPTED
ErrorDocument 203 /203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE
ErrorDocument 204 /204_NO_CONTENT
ErrorDocument 205 /205_RESET_CONTENT
ErrorDocument 206 /206_PARTIAL_CONTENT
ErrorDocument 207 /207_MULTI_STATUS
ErrorDocument 300 /300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES
ErrorDocument 301 /301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
ErrorDocument 302 /302_MOVED_TEMPORARILY
ErrorDocument 303 /303_SEE_OTHER
ErrorDocument 304 /304_NOT_MODIFIED
ErrorDocument 305 /305_USE_PROXY
ErrorDocument 307 /307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
ErrorDocument 400 /400_BAD_REQUEST
ErrorDocument 401 /401_UNAUTHORIZED
ErrorDocument 402 /402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED
ErrorDocument 403 /403_FORBIDDEN
ErrorDocument 404 /404_NOT_FOUND
 
ErrorDocument 405 /405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
ErrorDocument 406 /406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
ErrorDocument 407 /407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
ErrorDocument 408 /408_REQUEST_TIME_OUT
ErrorDocument 409 /409_CONFLICT
ErrorDocument 410 /410_GONE
ErrorDocument 411 /411_LENGTH_REQUIRED
ErrorDocument 412 /412_PRECONDITION_FAILED
ErrorDocument 413 /413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE
ErrorDocument 414 /414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE
ErrorDocument 415 /415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
ErrorDocument 416 /416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE
ErrorDocument 417 /417_EXPECTATION_FAILED
ErrorDocument 422 /422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY
ErrorDocument 423 /423_LOCKED
ErrorDocument 424 /424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY
ErrorDocument 426 /426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED
ErrorDocument 500 /500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
ErrorDocument 501 /501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
ErrorDocument 502 /502_BAD_GATEWAY
ErrorDocument 503 /503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
ErrorDocument 504 /504_GATEWAY_TIME_OUT
ErrorDocument 505 /505_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED
ErrorDocument 506 /506_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES
ErrorDocument 507 /507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE
ErrorDocument 510 /510_NOT_EXTENDED

Implementing a Caching Scheme with .htaccess

# year

Header set Cache-Control "public"
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"
Header unset Last-Modified

#2 hours

Header set Cache-Control "max-age=7200, must-revalidate"


SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
Header set Expires "Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT"

Password Protect single file


AuthName "Prompt"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
Require valid-user

Password Protect multiple files


AuthName "Development"
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthType basic
Require valid-user

Send Custom Headers

Header set P3P "policyref=\"http://www.askapache.com/w3c/p3p.xml\""
Header set X-Pingback "http://www.askapache.com/xmlrpc.php"
Header set Content-Language "en-US"
Header set Vary "Accept-Encoding"

Blocking based on User-Agent Header

SetEnvIfNoCase ^User-Agent$ .*(craftbot|download|extract|stripper|sucker|ninja|clshttp|webspider|leacher|collector|grabber|webpictures) HTTP_SAFE_BADBOT
SetEnvIfNoCase ^User-Agent$ .*(libwww-perl|aesop_com_spiderman) HTTP_SAFE_BADBOT
Deny from env=HTTP_SAFE_BADBOT

Blocking with RewriteCond

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(craftbot|download|extract|stripper|sucker|ninja|clshttp|webspider|leacher|collector|grabber|webpictures).*$ [NC]
RewriteRule . - [F,L]

.htaccess for mod_php

SetEnv PHPRC /location/todir/containing/phpinifile

.htaccess for php as cgi

AddHandler php-cgi .php .htm
Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php5.cgi

Shell wrapper for custom php.ini

#!/bin/sh
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=3
exec php5.cgi -c /abs/php5/php.ini

Add values from HTTP Headers

SetEnvIfNoCase ^If-Modified-Since$ "(.+)" HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^If-None-Match$ "(.+)" HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Cache-Control$ "(.+)" HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Connection$ "(.+)" HTTP_CONNECTION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Keep-Alive$ "(.+)" HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Authorization$ "(.+)" HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1
SetEnvIfNoCase ^Cookie$ "(.+)" HTTP_MY_COOKIE=$1

Stop hotlinking

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?askapache.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg|swf|flv|png)$ http://www.askapache.com/feed.gif [R=302,L]

Turn logging off for IP

SecFilterSelective REMOTE_ADDR "208\.113\.183\.103" "nolog,noauditlog,pass"

Turn logging on for IP

SecFilterSelective REMOTE_ADDR "!^208\.113\.183\.103" "nolog,noauditlog,pass"
SecFilterSelective REMOTE_ADDR "208\.113\.183\.103" "log,auditlog,pass"

Advanced Mod_Rewrite Examples

Here are some specific examples taken mostly from my WordPress Password Protection plugin, that also does alot more than password protection as you can see from the following mod_rewrite examples. These are a few of the mod_rewrite uses that BlogSecurity declared pushed the boundaries of Mod_Rewrite! Some of these snippets are quite exotic and unlike anything you may have seen before, also only for those who understand them as they can kill a website pretty quick.

Directory Protection

Enable the DirectoryIndex Protection, preventing directory index listings and defaulting. [Disable]

Options -Indexes
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php /index.php

Password Protect wp-login.php

Requires a valid user/pass to access the login page[401]


Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Satisfy Any
AuthName "Protected By AskApache"
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswda1
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user

Password Protect wp-admin

Requires a valid user/pass to access any non-static (css, js, images) file in this directory.[401]

Options -ExecCGI -Indexes +FollowSymLinks -Includes
DirectoryIndex index.php /index.php
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Satisfy Any
AuthName "Protected By AskApache"
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswda1
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user

Allow from All



SecFilterEngine Off

Allow from All

Protect wp-content

Denies any Direct request for files ending in .php with a 403 Forbidden.. May break plugins/themes [401]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /wp-content/.*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^.+flexible-upload-wp25js.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} ^.+\.(php|html|htm|txt)$
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Protect wp-includes

Denies any Direct request for files ending in .php with a 403 Forbidden.. May break plugins/themes [403]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /wp-includes/.*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /wp-includes/js/.+/.+\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} ^.+\.php$
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Common Exploits

Block common exploit requests with 403 Forbidden. These can help alot, may break some plugins. [403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ ///.*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\?\=?(http|ftp|ssl|https):/.*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\?\?.*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\.(asp|ini|dll).*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*\.(htpasswd|htaccess|aahtpasswd).*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Stop Hotlinking

Denies any request for static files (images, css, etc) if referrer is not local site or empty. [403]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.askapache.com.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|mp3|mpg|mp4|mov|wav|wmv|png|gif|swf|css|js)$ - [F,NS,L]

Safe Request Methods

Denies any request not using GET,PROPFIND,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,HEAD[403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} !^(GET|HEAD|POST|PROPFIND|OPTIONS|PUT)$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Forbid Proxies

Denies any POST Request using a Proxy Server. Can still access site, but not comment. See Perishable Press [403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST
RewriteCond %{HTTP:VIA}%{HTTP:FORWARDED}%{HTTP:USERAGENT_VIA}%{HTTP:X_FORWARDED_FOR}%{HTTP:PROXY_CONNECTION} !^$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:XPROXY_CONNECTION}%{HTTP:HTTP_PC_REMOTE_ADDR}%{HTTP:HTTP_CLIENT_IP} !^$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Real wp-comments-post.php

Denies any POST attempt made to a non-existing wp-comments-post.php[403]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*/wp-comments-post\.php.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

HTTP PROTOCOL

Denies any badly formed HTTP PROTOCOL in the request, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1 only[403]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ .+\ HTTP/(0\.9|1\.0|1\.1) [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

SPECIFY CHARACTERS

Denies any request for a url containing characters other than “a-zA-Z0-9.+/-?=&” – REALLY helps but may break your site depending on your links. [403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{3,9}\ [a-zA-Z0-9\.\+_/\-\?\=\&]+\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

BAD Content Length

Denies any POST request that doesnt have a Content-Length Header[403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Content-Length} ^$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

BAD Content Type

Denies any POST request with a content type other than application/x-www-form-urlencoded|multipart/form-data[403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Content-Type} !^(application/x-www-form-urlencoded|multipart/form-data.*(boundary.*)?)$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Missing HTTP_HOST

Denies requests that dont contain a HTTP HOST Header.[403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^$
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Bogus Graphics Exploit

Denies obvious exploit using bogus graphics[403]

RewriteCond %{HTTP:Content-Disposition} \.php [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Content-Type} image/.+ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

No UserAgent, Not POST

Denies POST requests by blank user-agents. May prevent a small number of visitors from POSTING. [403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^-?$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(wp-login.php|wp-admin/|wp-content/plugins/|wp-includes/).* [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

No Referer, No Comment

Denies any comment attempt with a blank HTTP_REFERER field, highly indicative of spam. May prevent some visitors from POSTING. [403]

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*/wp-comments-post\.php.*\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^-?$
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Trackback Spam

Denies obvious trackback spam. See Holy Shmoly! [403]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} =POST
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(opera|mozilla|firefox|msie|safari).*$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.+/trackback/?\ HTTP/ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,NS,L]

Map all URIs except those corresponding to existing files to a handler

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI} !-d
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI} !-f
RewriteRule . /script.php

Map any request to a handler

In the case where all URIs should be sent to the same place (including potentially requests for static content) the method to use depends on the type of the handler. For php scripts, use:
For other handlers such as php scripts, use:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/script.php
RewriteRule .* /script.php

And for CGI scripts:

ScriptAliasMatch .* /var/www/script.cgi

Map URIs corresponding to existing files to a handler instead

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI} -d [OR]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI} -f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/script.php
RewriteRule .* /script.php

If the existing files you wish to have handled by your script have a common set of file extensions distinct from that of the hander, you can bypass mod_rewrite and use instead mod_actions. Let’s say you want all .html and .tpl files to be dealt with by your script:

Action foo-action /script.php
AddHandler foo-action html tpl

Deny access if var=val contains the string foo.

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} foo
RewriteRule ^/url - [F]

Removing the Query String

RewriteRule ^/url /url?

Adding to the Query String

Keep the existing query string using the Query String Append flag, but add var=val to the end.

RewriteRule ^/url /url?var=val [QSA]

Rewriting For Certain Query Strings

Rewrite URLs like http://askapache.com/url1?var=val to http://askapache.com/url2?var=val but don’t rewrite if val isn’t present.

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} val
RewriteRule ^/url1 /url2

Modifying the Query String

Change any single instance of val in the query string to other_val when accessing /path. Note that %1 and %2 are back-references to the matched part of the regular expression in the previous RewriteCond.

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)val(.*)$
RewriteRule /path /path?%1other_val%2

Best .htaccess Articles

.htaccess for Webmasters

Mod_Rewrite URL Rewriting

Undocumented techniques and methods will allow you to utilize mod_rewrite at an “expert level” by showing you how to unlock its secrets.

301 Redirects without mod_rewrite

Secure PHP with .htaccess

If you have a php.cgi or php.ini file in your /cgi-bin/ directory or other pub directory, try requesting them from your web browser. If your php.ini shows up or worse you are able to execute your php cgi, you’ll need to secure it ASAP. This shows several ways to secure these files, and other interpreters like perl, fastCGI, bash, csh, etc.

.htaccess Cookie Manipulation

Fresh .htaccess code for you! Check out the Cookie Manipulation and environment variable usage with mod_rewrite! I also included a couple Mod_Security .htaccess examples. Enjoy!

.htaccess Caching

Password Protection and Authentication

Control HTTP Headers

Blocking Spam and bad Bots

Want to block a bad robot or web scraper using .htaccess files? Here are 2 methods that illustrate blocking 436 various user-agents. You can block them using either SetEnvIf methods, or by using Rewrite Blocks.

PHP htaccess tips

By using some cool .htaccess tricks we can control PHP to be run as a cgi or a module. If php is run as a cgi then we need to compile it ourselves or use .htaccess to force php to use a local php.ini file. If it is running as a module then we can use various directives supplied by that modules in .htaccess

HTTP to HTTPS Redirects with mod_rewrite

This is freaking sweet if you use SSL I promise you! Basically instead of having to check for HTTPS using a RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on for every redirect that can be either HTTP or HTTPS, I set an environment variable once with the value “http” or “https” if HTTP or HTTPS is being used for that request, and use that env variable in the RewriteRule.

SSL in .htaccess

SetEnvIf and SetEnvIfNoCase in .htaccess

Site Security with .htaccess

chmod .htpasswd files 640, chmod .htaccess 644, php files 600, and chmod files that you really dont want people to see as 400. (NEVER chmod 777, try 766)

.htaccess Security with MOD_SECURITY

Merging Notes

The order of merging is:

(except regular expressions) and .htaccess done simultaneously (with .htaccess, if allowed, overriding )
(and )
and done simultaneously
and done simultaneously

Below is an artificial example to show the order of merging. Assuming they all apply to the request, the directives in this example will be applied in the order:

A > B > C > D > E


E


D



B



C


A

My Favorite .htaccess Links

These are just some of my favorite .htaccess resources. I’m really into doing your own hacking to get knowledge and these links are all great resources in that respect. I’m really interested in new or unusual htaccess solutions or htaccess hacks using .htaccess files, so let me know if you find one.

NCSA HTTPd Tutorials

Robert Hansen
Here’s a great Hardening HTAccess part 1, part 2, part 3 article that goes into detail about some of the rarer security applications for .htaccess files.

SAMAXES
Some very detailed and helpful .htaccess articles, such as the “.htaccess – gzip and cache your site for faster loading and bandwidth saving.”

PerishablePress
Stupid .htaccess tricks is probably the best explanation online for many of the best .htaccess solutions, including many from this page. Unlike me they are fantastic writers, even for technical stuff they are very readable, so its a good blog to kick back on and read. They also have a fantastic article detailing how to block/deny specific requests using mod_rewrite.

BlogSecurity
Mostly a site for… blog security (which is really any web-app security) this blog has a few really impressive articles full of solid information for Hardening WordPress with .htaccess among more advanced topics that can be challenging but effective. This is a good site to subscribe to their feed, they publish plugin exploits and wordpress core vulnerabilities quite a bit.

Check-These
Oldschool security/unix dude with some incredibly detailed mod_rewrite tutorials, helped me the most when I first got into this, and a great guy too. See: Basic Mod_Rewrite Guide, and Advanced Mod_Rewrite Tutorial

Reaper-X
Alot of .htaccess tutorials and code. See: Hardening WordPress with Mod Rewrite and htaccess

jdMorgan
jdMorgan is the Moderator of the Apache Forum at WebmasterWorld, a great place for answers. In my experience he can answer any tough question pertaining to advanced .htaccess usage, haven’t seen him stumped yet.

The W3C
Setting Charset in .htaccess is very informative.

Holy Shmoly!
A great blogger with analysis of attacks and spam. See: More ways to stop spammers and unwanted traffic.

Apache Week
A partnership with Red Hat back in the 90′s that produced some excellent documentation.

Corz
Here’s a resource that I consider to have some of the most creative and ingenious ideas for .htaccess files, although the author is somewhat of a character ;) Its a trip trying to navigate around the site, a fun trip. Its like nothing I’ve ever seen. There are only a few articles on the site, but the htaccess articles are very original and well-worth a look. See: htaccess tricks and tips.

Htaccess Directives

This is an AskApache.com exclusive you won’t find this anywhere else.

Directory, DirectoryMatch, Files, FilesMatch, IfDefine, IfVersion, IfModule, Limit, LimitExcept, Location, LocationMatch, Proxy, ProxyMatch, VirtualHost, AcceptMutex, AcceptPathInfo, AccessFileName, Action, AddCharset, AddDefaultCharset, AddDescription, AddEncoding, AddHandler, AddInputFilter, AddLanguage, AddOutputFilter, AddOutputFilterByType, AddType, Alias, AliasMatch, AllowCONNECT, AllowOverride, Anonymous, Anonymous_Authoritative, Anonymous_LogEmail, Anonymous_MustGiveEmail, Anonymous_NoUserId, Anonymous_VerifyEmail, AuthAuthoritative, AuthDBMAuthoritative, AuthDBMGroupFile, AuthDBMType, AuthDBMUserFile, AuthDigestAlgorithm, AuthDigestDomain, AuthDigestFile, AuthDigestGroupFile, AuthDigestNcCheck, AuthDigestNonceFormat, AuthDigestNonceLifetime, AuthDigestQop, AuthDigestShmemSize, AuthGroupFile, AuthName, AuthType, AuthUserFile, BS2000Account, BrowserMatch, BrowserMatchNoCase, CacheNegotiatedDocs, CharsetDefault, CharsetOptions, CharsetSourceEnc, CheckSpelling, ContentDigest, CookieDomain, CookieExpires, CookieName, CookieStyle, CookieTracking, CoreDumpDirectory, DAV, DAVDepthInfinity, DAVMinTimeout, DefaultIcon, DefaultLanguage, DefaultType, DocumentRoot, ErrorDocument, ErrorLog, ExtFilterDefine, ExtFilterOptions, FancyIndexing, FileETag, ForceLanguagePriority, ForceType, GprofDir, Header, HeaderName, HostnameLookups, IdentityCheck, ImapBase, ImapDefault, ImapMenu, Include, IndexIgnore, LanguagePriority, LimitRequestBody, LimitRequestFields, LimitRequestFieldsize, LimitRequestLine, LimitXMLRequestBody, LockFile, LogLevel, MaxRequestsPerChild, MultiviewsMatch, NameVirtualHost, NoProxy, Options, PassEnv, PidFile, Port, ProxyBlock, ProxyDomain, ProxyErrorOverride, ProxyIOBufferSize, ProxyMaxForwards, ProxyPass, ProxyPassReverse, ProxyPreserveHost, ProxyReceiveBufferSize, ProxyRemote, ProxyRemoteMatch, ProxyRequests, ProxyTimeout, ProxyVia, RLimitCPU, RLimitMEM, RLimitNPROC, ReadmeName, Redirect, RedirectMatch, RedirectPermanent, RedirectTemp, RemoveCharset, RemoveEncoding, RemoveHandler, RemoveInputFilter, RemoveLanguage, RemoveOutputFilter, RemoveType, RequestHeader, Require, RewriteCond, RewriteRule, SSIEndTag, SSIErrorMsg, SSIStartTag, SSITimeFormat, SSIUndefinedEcho, Satisfy, ScoreBoardFile, Script, ScriptAlias, ScriptAliasMatch, ScriptInterpreterSource, ServerAdmin, ServerAlias, ServerName, ServerPath, ServerRoot, ServerSignature, ServerTokens, SetEnv, SetEnvIf, SetEnvIfNoCase, SetHandler, SetInputFilter, SetOutputFilter, Timeout, TypesConfig, UnsetEnv, UseCanonicalName, XBitHack, allow, deny, order, CGIMapExtension, EnableMMAP, ISAPIAppendLogToErrors, ISAPIAppendLogToQuery, ISAPICacheFile, ISAPIFakeAsync, ISAPILogNotSupported, ISAPIReadAheadBuffer, SSLLog, SSLLogLevel, MaxMemFree, ModMimeUsePathInfo, EnableSendfile, ProxyBadHeader, AllowEncodedSlashes, LimitInternalRecursion, EnableExceptionHook, TraceEnable, ProxyFtpDirCharset, AuthBasicAuthoritative, AuthBasicProvider, AuthDefaultAuthoritative, AuthDigestProvider, AuthLDAPAuthzEnabled, AuthLDAPBindDN, AuthLDAPBindPassword, AuthLDAPCharsetConfig, AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer, AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases, AuthLDAPGroupAttribute, AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN, AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN, AuthLDAPURL, AuthzDBMAuthoritative, AuthzDBMType, AuthzDefaultAuthoritative, AuthzGroupFileAuthoritative, AuthzLDAPAuthoritative, AuthzOwnerAuthoritative, AuthzUserAuthoritative, BalancerMember, DAVGenericLockDB, FilterChain, FilterDeclare, FilterProtocol, FilterProvider, FilterTrace, IdentityCheckTimeout, IndexStyleSheet, ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain, ProxyPassReverseCookiePath, ProxySet, ProxyStatus, ThreadStackSize, AcceptFilter, Protocol, AuthDBDUserPWQuery, AuthDBDUserRealmQuery, UseCanonicalPhysicalPort, CheckCaseOnly, AuthLDAPRemoteUserAttribute, ProxyPassMatch, SSIAccessEnable, Substitute, ProxyPassInterpolateEnv

Htaccess Modules

Here are most of the modules that come with Apache. Each one can have new commands that can be used in .htaccess file scopes.

mod_actions, mod_alias, mod_asis, mod_auth_basic, mod_auth_digest, mod_authn_anon, mod_authn_dbd, mod_authn_dbm, mod_authn_default, mod_authn_file, mod_authz_dbm, mod_authz_default, mod_authz_groupfile, mod_authz_host, mod_authz_owner, mod_authz_user, mod_autoindex, mod_cache, mod_cern_meta, mod_cgi, mod_dav, mod_dav_fs, mod_dbd, mod_deflate, mod_dir, mod_disk_cache, mod_dumpio, mod_env, mod_expires, mod_ext_filter, mod_file_cache, mod_filter, mod_headers, mod_ident, mod_imagemap, mod_include, mod_info, mod_log_config, mod_log_forensic, mod_logio, mod_mem_cache, mod_mime, mod_mime_magic, mod_negotiation, mod_proxy, mod_proxy_ajp, mod_proxy_balancer, mod_proxy_connect, mod_proxy_ftp, mod_proxy_http, mod_rewrite, mod_setenvif, mod_speling, mod_ssl, mod_status, mod_substitute, mod_unique_id, mod_userdir, mod_usertrack, mod_version, mod_vhost_alias

Htaccess Software

Apache HTTP Server comes with the following programs.

httpd: Apache hypertext transfer protocol server
apachectl: Apache HTTP server control interface
ab: Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
apxs: APache eXtenSion tool
dbmmanage: Create and update user authentication files in DBM format for basic authentication
fcgistarter: Start a FastCGI program
htcacheclean: Clean up the disk cache
htdigest: Create and update user authentication files for digest authentication
htdbm: Manipulate DBM password databases.
htpasswd: Create and update user authentication files for basic authentication
httxt2dbm: Create dbm files for use with RewriteMap
logresolve: Resolve hostnames for IP-addresses in Apache logfiles
log_server_status: Periodically log the server’s status
rotatelogs: Rotate Apache logs without having to kill the server
split-logfile: Split a multi-vhost logfile into per-host logfiles
suexec: Switch User For Exec

Here are some example snippets of htaccess files grabbed from various sites.


RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ webroot/ [L]
RewriteRule (.*) webroot/$1 [L]

 

Order Allow,Deny
Deny from All

 

RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L]
RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L]

 
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes.
 
Options +Indexes
 
AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .bz2
AddType image/svg+xml .svg
AddType image/svg+xml .svgz
AddType text/html .shtml
AddHandler server-parsed .shtml .html
 
#DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
#Options +FollowSymLinks
#Options -Indexes
 
Options All -Indexes
 
# The concept for this was taken from the Drupal project by D. Keith Casey Jr. - caseydk@use...
# PHP 4, Apache 1

php_value magic_quotes_gpc 0
 
Options Indexes
 
XBitHack on
 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^user/(\w+)/(\w+)/(\w+) index.php?user=$1&w=$2&root=$3 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^user/(\w+)/(\w+) index.php?user=$1&w=$2 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^user/(\w+) index.php?user=$1 [L,QSA]
 
Satisfy All
Options -Indexes

order allow,deny
 
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
#php_flag display_errors on
#php_flag display_startup_errors on
 

Order Allow,Deny
Deny from All

 

SetHandler htpl-script

 
SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR]
 

allow from all

#Uncomment the below to enable podcasting
 
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes.
AddDefaultCharset utf-8
 
# $Id: .htaccess,v 1.8 2004/11/03 18:21:16 rurban Exp $

# For added security (and PhpWiki debugging purposes) you may want to
 

RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ webroot/ [L]
RewriteRule (.*) webroot/$1 [L]

 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^([0-9]+)$ index.cgi?id=$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^(rss|atom)$ index.cgi?action=qotw&output=$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^([a-z_]+)(/([a-z_]*))?$ index.cgi?action=$1&admin_action=$3 [L,QSA]

More on Page 2.

High Resolution Press Images:

[+] htaccess-up.png
[+] htaccess-explorer.png
[+] viewing-htaccess-files.png
[+] htaccess-up1-350x178.png
[+] jail-bars-1.png
[+] cookies.png
[+] bad_robot1.png

The Ultimate Htaccess originally appeared on AskApache.com

Advanced .htaccess Tricks for Securing Sites

AskApache — Sat, 20 Dec 2008 02:28:25 +0000

I’m about 2 weeks away from publishing the upgrade for the WordPress .htaccess security plugin, and haven’t had time to post for awhile as I’ve been doing mad research for the plugin, which is probably going to set the net on fire once its released… but today I spent all day doing work for one of my longtime security clients, and I thought I’d share some of the .htaccess tricks I used to increase the security.

The site runs on a privately hosted linux server and is setup to be as secure as possible in many different ways. The site is a private forum with sensitive information, and needs to balance the highest amount of security possible without causing the many worldwide members any discomfort.

Security System Overview

This is all new, experimental, and very very cool. It literally uses .htaccess techniques to create several virtual “locked gates” that require a specific key to unlock, in a specific order that cannot be bypassed. The cool thing about this new experimental (but working flawlessly for 12+hours now) is that it uses whitelisting ideas to specify exactly what is allowed, instead of trying to specify everything that isn’t allowed. That specificity is also used to add additional layers of security onto the request at each virtual gate. Also, by setting specific cookies/tokens after successfully passing through a gate, we can then require the exact cookie/token from the previous gate, which stops an attacker from skipping or bypassing gates. Finally, this tiered approach allows all users who successfully authenticate all the way to the server to be able to bypass these gates for all further requests, and using nonce values and time-sensitive keys, we can specify the amount of time before a user has to do it all over again.

Creation and Explanation

I started out with a simple upgrade from HTTP Basic Authentication to HTTP Digest Authentication, which provides much greater security.. But I noticed that several of the various Browsers out there (like Google Chrome!) do NOT follow the RFC 2617 Specifications which cause a host of problems for the users running them. The problem is bad programming on the part of the browser programmers.. Internet Explorer (IE) is the worst offender, but that is no surprise and even expected as its MS, but Google Chrome? I wondered how Google was able to program an entire browser so fast…It appears they took shortcuts.

Browser Digest Issues

Without getting technical, the problem is how the bad browsers handle GET requests for resources that contain a query string like /login.php?THIS_IS=a_query_string.. The bad browsers compute the hash for the request using the query string, but the auth header request-uri doesn’t have the query string, so the hash doesn’t match and the authentication failes.

The solution I came up with was to turn Digest Authentication off for everything except favicon.ico

This works because if the client successfully authenticates using Digest Authentication for the file favicon.ico, we can use .htaccess to set a special secret cookie that can be checked later to verify the Digest Auth was successful… Here’s how this security handles any request to the server, without getting to technical:

Client makes request to the server.
We check to make sure that https is being used or else it starts using it via a redirect. This loop continues until https is used.
Now the server checks for a certain cookie being set and present in the request, if the cookie is incorrect or not present, the server forces a redirect to favicon.ico which then forces Digest Authentication. If the digest authentication is successful then the server sets a special cookie to bypass this check for all future requests in the session.
Finally the user is presented with the phpBB login screen, and if they successfully log in and are using a valid account (ie, active and not a guest) then a 2nd special cookie is set. If that 2nd special cookie isn’t present or set then the user is continually redirected to the login screen until they have successfully logged in.

All of this is done by the server using built-in apache security. The only non-server part is the last cookie that is set upon successful login into the phpBB forum, that cookie is set in the code with a small modification I made to 1 phpBB core file.

User-Friendly Transparency

The only thing different when logging into this server from the users perspective, is the additional HTTP Digest User/Pass that they will need. Other than that they just login to phpBB as normal.

+----------------+
| client request |
+----------------+
  |
  |
===========
 +HTTPS   -=[ Require SSL Encrypted Connection to Continue
===========
  ||
  ||
======================
 +LOGIN CREDENTIALS  -=[Require Valid Digest User/Pass Authentication to Continue
======================
  |||
  |||
====================
 +DIGEST COOKIE  -=[Set Cookie to Save Digest Auth was successful, Require Cookie to Continue
====================
  ||||
  ||||
======================
 +PHPBB CREDENTIALS  -=[phpBB Forum Login System, Required to Continue
======================
  |||||
  |||||
==================
 +PHPBB COOKIE  -=[Set Cookie to Save success phpBB login, Required for non-login urls
==================
  ||||||
  ||||||
+----------------+
| server response |
+----------------+

The .htaccess

Some basics, turning off everything and setting up default document to be used by the unix-dir handler.

Options -Indexes -Includes -ExecCGI -MultiViews
 
DirectoryIndex index.php /priv/index.php

HTTP Digest One-Time

As a workaround to issues with Chrome, MSIE, and a few other browsers, we only require Digest Authentication for the favicon.ico file. This also saves a lot of HTTP Requests and CPU. We use RewriteRule's to force authentication, and then by setting a cookie if the authentication was successful, we can simply check for that cookie elsewhere instead of requiring Digest Auth for every single request.


AuthType Digest
AuthName "askapache1"
AuthDigestDomain https://www.askapache.com/ /
AuthDigestFile /askapache/.htpasswdd
require valid-user

Force SSL

This completely forces SSL to be used, http isn't even an option. To keep this from bugging users who type in the address http:// we use the ErrorDocument directive below.

SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLRequireSSL

ErrorDocuments

By specifying that a 403 forbidden (which SSLRequireSSL sends for non-https requests) should redirect to the login page, users never have errors, and it also fixes the issue of double-password prompts for basic/digest authentication that would otherwise occur here. The /error/ folder is a special folder that uses +IncludesNoExec to display helpful information about the request and how to contact me if they ever see it.

ErrorDocument 400 /error/400.html
ErrorDocument 401 /error/401.html
ErrorDocument 403 https://www.askapache.com/priv/ucp.php
ErrorDocument 404 /error/404.html
ErrorDocument 405 /error/405.html
ErrorDocument 500 /error/500.html
ErrorDocument 503 /error/503.html

Mod_Rewrite hacks it Together

Ok this is what makes it all work. This is the experimental part of this system, as I haven't had time to fully debug it.. so far after 12+hours running, not a single problem.. but I did quite a bit of live http/htts sniffing to tweak it just right. IOW, don't copy and paste this and expect something magical, unless magic to you is hard-to-trace redirect loops, errors, and bizarre user-agent/protocol issues. This is actually pretty crazy... I love it!

Setup and Redirect Loop Stopping

The REDIRECT_STATUS variable is only set after a request is redirected internally, so if its already set.. kill the rewrite processing.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} !^$
RewriteRule .* - [L]

.htaccess Meat and Potatoes

Ok as short and simple as this looks, it’s actually way serious and complex and at the moment I’m not going to attempt to walk you through it. Like most articles and stuff on this blog, you have to do your own hacking to figure anything out.. partly because I’m not a great writer, but mostly because I spend my time learning new stuff, spelling it out for you makes you stupid, you have to do your own hacking if you want to understand it.

Try to figure out which piece of the below code fits into the chart above…

RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{1,4}\ /favicon\.ico\ HTTP/
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*faviconcheck.*$
RewriteRule .* https://www.askapache.com/favicon.ico? [R,L]
 
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{1,4}\ /favicon\.ico\ HTTP/
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*faviconcheck.*$
RewriteRule .* https://www.askapache.com/priv/index.php? [CO=faviconcheck:1:www.askapache.com:6400,R]
 
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*phpbb_c3_u=1\;.*$
RewriteRule ^cron\.php$ - [S=1]
 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} \.php
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^[A-Z]{1,4}\ /priv/ucp\.php.*\ HTTP/
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !^.*phpbb_c3_u8=keyok\;.*$
RewriteRule ^priv.*$ https://www.askapache.com/priv/ucp.php [R=302,L]

Apache’s Workaround

See the SetEnvIf directive for more details on conditionally setting environment variables.

Working with MS Internet Explorer

The Digest authentication implementation in previous Internet Explorer for Windows versions (5 and 6) had issues, namely that GET requests with a query string were not RFC compliant. There are a few ways to work around this issue.

The first way is to use POST requests instead of GET requests to pass data to your program. This method is the simplest approach if your application can work with this limitation.

Since version 2.0.51 Apache also provides a workaround in the AuthDigestEnableQueryStringHack environment variable. If AuthDigestEnableQueryStringHack is set for the request, Apache will take steps to work around the MSIE bug and remove the query string from the digest comparison. Using this method would look similar to the following. Using Digest Authentication with MSIE:
BrowserMatch "MSIE" AuthDigestEnableQueryStringHack=On
This workaround is not necessary for MSIE 7, though enabling it does not cause any compatibility issues or significant overhead.

Help

Every piece of the puzzle above is explained somewhere on this blog.. the search in the top right of this site works great.

As always, please add your comments, especially if you have an idea to make this better or improved in any way..

Advanced .htaccess Tricks for Securing Sites originally appeared on AskApache.com