Apache Authentication in htaccess

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Apache Authentication in htaccess

How to password-protect, Allow or Deny a visitor based on a condition. If you are having trouble getting htaccess-based password protection to work see: Troubleshooting htaccess Authentication: Getting it to work

Generate Your authentication htpasswd files with my free Online Password Generator!

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• Require password for 1 file only
• Protect multiple files:
• Using the Apache Allow Directive in htaccess
  • network/netmask pair
  • IP address
  • More than 1 IP address
  • Partial IP addresses, first 1 to 3 bytes of IP, for subnet restriction
  • network/nnn CIDR specification
  • IPv6 addresses and subnets
• Deny subdomains
• Allow from IP without password prompt, and also allow from any address with password prompt
• Skeleton .htaccess file to start with

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Require password for 1 file only

<Files login.php>
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
AuthName "htaccess password prompt"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
</Files>

Protect multiple files:

<FilesMatch "^(exec|env|doit|phpinfo|w)\.*$">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
AuthName "htaccess password prompt"
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthType basic
Require valid-user
</FilesMatch>

Using the Apache Allow Directive in htaccess

network/netmask pair

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0

IP address

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 10.1.2.3

More than 1 IP address

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.205

Partial IP addresses, first 1 to 3 bytes of IP, for subnet restriction

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 10.1
Allow from 10 172.20 192.168.2

network/nnn CIDR specification

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 10.1.0.0/16

IPv6 addresses and subnets

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea/10

Deny subdomains

Order Allow,Deny
Allow from apache.org
Deny from wireshark.apache.org

Allow from IP without password prompt, and also allow from any address with password prompt

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
AuthName "htaccess password prompt"
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
AuthType Basic
Require valid-user
Allow from 172.17.10.1
Satisfy Any

Skeleton .htaccess file to start with

I use this when I start a new site, and uncomment or delete parts of the file depending on the sites needs

Ultimate htaccess file sample

#
#            DEFAULT SETTINGS
#
Options +ExecCGI -Indexes
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
 
ErrorDocument 400 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 401 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 403 /cgi-bin/forbidden.cgi
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
ErrorDocument 405 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 406 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 409 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 413 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 414 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 501 /cgi-bin/error.php
 
### DEFAULTS
ServerSignature Off
 
AddType video/x-flv .flv
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf
AddType image/x-icon .ico
 
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
AddLanguage en-US .html .htm .txt .xml .php
 
SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@askapache.com
 
### PHPINI-CGI
#AddHandler php-cgi .php
#Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php5.cgi
 
### FAST-CGI
#AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcg .fcgi .fpl
#AddHandler php5-fastcgi .php
#Action php5-fastcgi /cgi-bin/fastcgi.fcgi
 
#
#           HEADERS and CACHING
#
# 1 YEAR
<FilesMatch "\.(flv|ico|pdf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=29030400, public"
</FilesMatch>
 
# 1 WEEK
<FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public"
</FilesMatch>
 
# 3 HOUR
<FilesMatch "\.(txt|xml|js|css)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=10800"
</FilesMatch>
 
# 1 MIN
<FilesMatch "\.(html|htm|php)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=0, private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate"
Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"NOI DSP COR NID CUR ADM DEV OUR BUS\""
Header set imagetoolbar "no"
</FilesMatch>
 
#
#          REWRITES AND REDIRECTS
#
### SEO REDIRECTS
#Redirect 301 /ssl-ns.html /2006/htaccess/apache-ssl-in-htaccess-examples.html
#Redirect 301 /ht.tml
#Redirect 301 /index.html /
#RedirectMatch 301 /2006/htaccess-forum/(.*) /2006/htaccess/$1
#RedirectMatch 301 /(.*)rfc2616(.*) http://rfc.askapache.com/rfc2616/rfc2616.html
#RedirectMatch 301 /phpmanual(.*) /manual/en/$1
 
### REWRITES
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
 
### WORDPRESS
#<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#RewriteEngine On
#RewriteBase /
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
#RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
#</IfModule>
 
### REQUIRE WWW
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.askapache\.com$ [NC]
#RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /$1 [R=301,L]
 
### STOP LOOP CODE
#RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} 200
#RewriteRule ^.*$ - [L]
 
### REDIRECT BLOG FEED TO FEEDBURNER
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^.*(FeedBurner|FeedValidator|Recent) [NC]
#RewriteRule ^feed/?.*$ http://feeds.feedburner.com/apache/htaccess [L,R=302]
 
### BLOCK WGET
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Wget.* [NC]
#RewriteRule .* /cgi-bin/forbidden.cgi [L]
 
#
#           AUTHENTICATION
#
### BASIC PASSWORD PROTECTION
#AuthName "Prompt"
#AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
#AuthType basic
#Require valid-user
 
### UNDER CONSTRUCTION PROTECTION
#AuthName "Under Development"
#AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
#AuthType basic
#Require valid-user
#Order Deny,Allow
#Deny from all
#Allow from 23.23.23.1 w3.org googlebot.com google.com google-analytics.com
#Satisfy Any

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htaccess Guide Sections

• htaccess tricks for Webmasters
• HTTP Header control with htaccess
• PHP on Apache tips and tricks
• SEO Redirects without mod_rewrite
• mod_rewrite examples, tips, and tricks
• HTTP Caching and Site Speedups
• Authentication on Apache
• htaccess Security Tricks and Tips
• SSL tips and examples
• Variable Fun (mod_env) Section
• .htaccess Security with MOD_SECURITY
• SetEnvIf and SetEnvIfNoCase Examples

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